医学英语词根词缀大全.docx

医学英语词根词缀大全.docx

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医学英语词根词缀大全

医学英语词根词缀大全

医学英语词根词缀

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-ac

pertainingto

属于，关于

cardiac:

pertainingtotheheart

心脏（病）的

-al

pertainingto

medical:

pertainingtomedicine

-ar

pertainingto

molecular:

pertainingtoamolecule

分子的

-ary

pertainingto

belongingto

ciliary:

pertainingtothecilia

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase

enzyme酶

amylase:

anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar淀粉酶

-cle

smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气

follicle:

asmallbodilycavityorsac

小囊,（头发的）毛囊

-e

aninstrument仪器

auriscope:

aninstrumentforexaminingtheear（检查耳朵用的）耳镜

-eal

pertainingto

laryngeal:

pertainingtothelarynx

喉的,喉音的

-ia

condition;quality

phobia:

abnormalfear恐惧，害怕

-ic

pertainingto

toxic:

pertainingtotoxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics

studyof;nameofascience

paediatrics:

studyofchildren,theirdevelopmentanddiseases儿科学

-ine/in

substance物质

insulin：

substance（hormone）producedbytheisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas

胰岛素

-ism

processorcondition

alcoholism:

excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomesaddictive酒精中毒

-ist

onewhospecializesin

精通于……的人

pharmacologist:

adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyofdrugs药理专家

-itis

inflammationreferstoapartin

……部位的炎症

rhinitis:

inflammationofthenasalpassages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-（i）um

relationtoawhole;relatedto

与……相关

endometrium:

innerliningoftheuter子宫内膜

-ive

characterizesby

antitussive:

adrugthatsuppressescoughing

止咳药

-let

tiny;small

droplet:

atinydrop小滴

-ment

theresultorproductofanaction

development:

thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;actionofbecomingmature

-oid

resembling;like

像

mucoid:

resemblingmucus

粘液样的

-ole

little;small

centriole:

thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthecentrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma

tumor;swellingreferstoadoer

dermatofibroma:

fibroustumoroftheskin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er

eitherapersonorthing

receptor:

asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovariousstimuli感受器，受体

-ory

characterizedby;pertainingto

suspensory:

whichishangingdown

悬吊式，悬带

-ose

sugar

fructose:

fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖

-osis

abnormalcondition

onychocryptosis:

abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌甲

-ous

pertainingto

poisonous:

pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes

bodies

ribosome:

thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体

-um

structure;thing;substance

结构，物质

magnesium:

awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance镁（金属元素）

-y

condition;act;process

dystrophy:

disordercausedbydefectivenutritionormetabolism营养不良

Thefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-algia

pain;painful;condition

arthralgia:

paininajoint关节痛

--ase

enzyme

protease:

digestiveenzyme蛋白酶

-blast

embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎

hemocytoblast:

blastcell血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinoma

malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissue相关组织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma:

malignanttumordevelopingfromglandulartissue腺癌

-cele

protrusion;distention突出；膨胀，延伸

esophagocele:

abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus食管突出

-centesis

surgicalpuncture手术穿孔

paracentesis:

surgicalpunctureofacavityfortheaspirationoffluid穿刺术

-capnia

carbondioxide二氧化碳

acapnia:

absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏

-cide

kill

germicide:

（substance）whichcankillgerms

杀菌剂

-clast

cell

phagocyte:

cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichcansurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌细胞

-dynia

pain

glossodynia:

paininthetongue舌痛

-ectasia/

-ectasis

expansion;dilation（膨胀，扩张）

atelectasis:

incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth肺不张

-ectomy

surgicalexcisionorremovalof

gastrectomy:

surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除术

-edema

excessiveaccumulationofserousfluid水肿

myxoedema:

conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglanddoesnotproduceenoughthyroidhormone粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

-emia

bloodcondition

leukemia:

anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswhereanabnormalnumberofleucocytesformintheblood白血病

-emesis

vomiting呕吐

hematemesis:

thevomitingofblood咯血；吐血

-gen

somethingthatproducedorprouduces

pathogen:

amicroorganismoragentcapableofproducingdisease病菌，病原体

-genesis

production生产

spermatogenesis:

formationanddevelopmentofspermatozoainthetestes精子发生

-globin

protein蛋白质

hemoglobin:

aniron-containingproteinproducedbyerythrocytes血红素

-gnosis

knowledge

diagnosis:

theprocessofidentifyingthenatureorpresenceofadiseasethroughknowledgeandexamination

-gram

image;picture

electrocardiogram:

agraphicrecordoftheelectricalactivityofheartmuscleorheartbeatusedinthediagnosisofheartdisease.

Abbr.ECGandEKG.Syn.cardiogram

心电图

-graph（y）

processofrecording

记录过程

electocardiography:

theprocessofmakingorrecordingelectrocardiograms.Syn.cardiography心电图记录

-iasis

condition;state

情况，状况

cholelithiasis:

theformationofgallstones胆石症

-iatry/

-iatrics

healing,frequentlyreferstoabranchofmedicine康复，常指医学的一个分支

podiatry:

treatmentoffootdisorders

足部医疗

-lith

stone

cholelith:

agallstone;astoneformedinthegallbladder胆结石

-logy

thestudyof

cytology:

thesciencestudyofcells细胞学

-logist

onewhostudiesandtreats

urologist:

aphysicianwhospecializesinthepracticeofurology泌尿科医生

-lysis

breakdown,destruction

hemolysis:

thedestructionorbreakdownofredbloodcellswithreleaseofhemoglobin溶血

-malacia

softening

osteomalacia:

softeningofbone骨软化

-mania

extremecompulsionorpreoccupation强迫症

kleptomania:

amorbid,uncontrollablecompulsiontosteal盗窃癖

-megaly

giant

acromegaly:

aconditioninwhichthereisanenlargementofthefacialbonesaswellasthoseofthelungs肢端肥大症

-metry/

-meter

measurement

spirometry:

measurementofthevolumeofairinhaledandexhaledortheaircapacityofthelungs肺（活）量测定（法）,呼吸量测定（法）

-odynia

pain

cardiodynia:

painintheheartregion心痛，胸痛

-one

hormone荷尔蒙，激素

parathormone:

whichregulatescalciumbalanceamongtheblood,bones,andteeth甲状旁腺激素

-opia

adefectintheeye眼睛的毛病

myopia:

beingshort-sighted近视

-opsy

toview

biopsy:

excisionoflivetissueformicroscopicdiagnosis活检

-osis

morbidcondition病态的

sclerosis:

abnormalhardening硬化症

-osmia

smell

anosmia:

lossofthesenseofsmell嗅觉丧失

-ostomy

processofmakinganopeningintooraconnectionbetween

造瘘

gastrostomy:

surgicalconstructionofanopeningfromthesurfaceoftheabdomenintothestomach胃造口术

-oxia

levelofoxygen氧水平

hypoxia:

alowoxygenleveloralackofoxygeninbodytissues组织缺氧

-pathy

disease;diseasedcondition

ophthalmopathy:

anyeyedisease眼病

-penia

deficiency

leukopenia:

deficiencyofleukocytesintheblood.Syn.leukocytopenia白细胞减少症

-pepsia

digestion

eupepsia:

gooddigestion消化良好

--pexy

afixingorsettingfirmlyinplacebysuturing缝合固定

hepatopexy:

surgicalfixationofadisplaceliver肝固定术

-phagia/phagy

eating;swallowing吃，吞咽

dysphagia:

difficultyinswallowing吞咽困难

-phil

attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物

basophil:

typeofleucocyteorwhitebloodcellwhichcontainsgranules嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobia

fear

xenophobia:

irrationalfearofstrangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶

-plasia

formation;development

hyperplasia:

overdevelopmentorenlargementofanorganortissue增生，数量型肥大

-phonia

voice

dysphonia:

difficultyinspeaking发声困难

-plasm

formation;growthorsubstanceofformation

cytoplasm:

jellysubstanceinthecell细胞浆

-plasty

surgicalrepair

osteoplasty:

surgicalrepairofthebone骨整形术，骨成形术

--plegia

stroke;paralysis中风

thermoplegia:

heatorsunsrtoke热射病

-pnea

breathing

eupnea:

normalbreathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸

--ptosis

afalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan器官下移

hepatoptosis:

abnormallylowpositionoftheliver肝下垂

-ptysis

spitting分散

melanoptysis:

spittingofthespleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰

-poiesis

production

hemopoiesis:

productionofbloodcells造血作用，生血作用

-rrhage/

-rrhagia

burstingforthofblood出血

menorrhagia:

veryheavybleedingduringmenstruation月经过多

-rrhaphy

surgicalsewingorsuturing

splenorrhaphy:

sutureofthespleen脾修补术

-rrhea

overflow

hydrorrhea:

waterydischarge液溢

-（o）rrhexis

splittingorrupture撕裂，破裂，疝气

amniorrhexis:

ruptureoftheamnioticac

羊膜破裂

-sarcoma

malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissue

liposarcoma:

malignanttumorcontainingfat

脂肪肉瘤

-schesis

aholdingback;suppressionofdischarge阻碍；抑制排放

uroschesis:

suppressionofurine闭尿，尿潴留

-sclerosis

ahardening

dermatosclerosis:

hardeningoftheskin硬皮病

-scope

instrumentforviewing

stethoscope:

aninstrumentforperformingmedicateausculation听诊器

-scopy

processofexaminingvisually

hepatoscopy:

examinationoftheliver肝检查

-spasm

involuntarycontraction

angiospasm:

suddencontractionofthemusclesinabloodvessel血管痉挛

-stasis

suppression;stoppage;control;arrest抑制，中止

hemostasis:

thearrestofbleeding

止血，止血法

-stenosis

abnormalnarrowingofaductorcanal管、道德异常狭窄

laryngostenosis:

abnormalnarrowingofthelarynx喉狭窄

-stomy

surgicalopeningtotheoutsideofthebody造口

colostomy:

surgicaloperationtomakeanopeningfromthecolon结肠造口术

-tention

pressure

hypertention:

highbloodpressure高血压

-therapy

treatment

physiotherapy:

treatmentofdiseasebyphysicalmeans物理疗法

--tion

process

hospitalization:

theprocessofbeinghosipitalized住院

-tocia

labor;birth生产

embryotocia:

abortion流产

-tome

toolforincision

arthrotome:

instrumentforcuttingajoint关节刀

-tomy

processofcuttinginto

gastrotomy:

incisionofthestomach胃切开术

-tropia

turning转弯，变向

esotropia:

turninginwardoftheeye内斜视

-trophy

nourishmentordevelopmentofanorgan器官的营养、发育

dystrophy:

disordercausedbydefectivenutritionormetabolism营养不良

-uria

aconditionoftheurine（小便）

dysuria:

difficultlyinpassingurine排尿困难

-version

turning

eversion:

aturningoutward外翻，翻转

Hereisatableofthemostcommonlyusedprefixes

Prefix

Meaning

Example

a-/an-

without;not

aphasia:

theinabilitytounderstandwrittenorspokenwordsortospeakmeaning