高中英语 情态动词与虚拟语气.docx

1、高中英语 情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词一情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must / mustnt; can / cant ; need / neednt; may / maynt; might / mightnt; should / shouldnt;ought等情态动词完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1表示已经发生的情况。1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定”。如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room， for t

2、he first man I met asked sympathetically：” Are you feeling all right？”A must be B had been C must have been D had to be（答案为C）2）cant / couldnt have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没”。如：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A couldnt have received B ought to have receivedC has receiv

3、ed D shouldnt have received（答案为A）3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许”。如：At Florida Powers Crystal River plant， a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.2表示虚拟语气。1） neednt have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didnt need to d

4、o”，译为“其实没必要”。如：You neednt have come over yourself.As it turned out to be a small house party， we _so formally.A neednt dress up Bdid not need have dressed upC did not need dress up D neednt have dressed up（没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为D）2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该”should no

5、t + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该”。如：I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。3） ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as

6、 he saw the fire in the stock， which went up in smoke 。4）could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：What you said is right， but you could have phrased it more tactfully.5） may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会”。如：It might have been better to include more punchy

7、 statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers. 二几个情态动词常考的句型：1）may/might （just） as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；Since the flight was cancelled， you might as well go by train.既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。2）cannot / cant

8、too “越越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannotover。如：You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized 。3）usednt 或didnt use to 为used to （do） 的否定式。4）should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研(论坛) 大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didnt ex

9、pect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做三情态动词被动关系的主动表达法1 want， require， worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。Your hair wants cuttingThe book is worth readingThe floor requires washing.2need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.

10、The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）一、语气的定义和种类 1语气(mood)：语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。而且在谓语动词上有所体现，中文则没有。2语气的种类：陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、否定句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：There are two sides to every question. Were you busy all day yester

11、day?祈使语气（the Imperative Mood）表示说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝 告等。如：Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、建议、假设或推测等。If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I were as tall as Yaoming.虚拟语气的考点1、if条件句中虚拟语

12、气的用法； 2、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；3、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 4、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。二、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。1真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思，句型：条件从句主 句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题1)The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2

13、) Oil _(float) if you pour it on water.2虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用:非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。它的基本特点是时态退后。A.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主 句 与现在事实相反一般过去时(didbe动词用were）should( would/could / might ) +动词原形If they_(be)here, they would help you.B.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主 句与过去情况相反过去完成时(had done)should(would/could / might) h

14、ave+ 过去分词 If she _(work) harder, she would have succeeded.If he _( come) yesterday, I _(tell)him about it. If my lawyer _(be) here last Saturday, he_(prevent)me from going. The rice _(not burn) if you _(be)more careful.C. 表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主 句一般过去时should+ 动词原形would + 动词原形Were to do sthshould+ 动词原形If I

15、_(do) it, I would do it in a different way.If it _( rain) tomorrow, the meeting _(put off).It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fal

16、lD.错综时间虚拟条件句考题 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today, if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作在发生的时间上不一致, 就要根据不同的时间概念，适当调整主句和从句的动词形式，即根据所指的实际时间来选用动

17、司形式例如1) If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.2) If you _( finish) writing the book last month , it_(publish) next month.3) You would be much better now if you_(take) my advice.E.考题_ for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, can

18、t live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构, 这种结 构主要用于书面语中. 如: Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her S

19、hould it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace 3、含蓄虚拟条件句Without the money, I would not be alive now.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词（短语）来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”，“but that ”，“supposing ” ，“otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help, I would have failed.She wasnt f

20、eeling very well. Otherwise，she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.But that I saw it (= If I had not seen it), I could not have believed it.要不是亲眼所见， 我是不会相信的。三、虚拟语气在as if/as though 引导的从句中的应用as if, as though 可用来引导状语从句或表语从句，表示猜测，假定，联想或方式等等。表现形式有三种：表现形式有三种：a) 动词的过去式；b) had + 过去分词; c) would/might + 动

21、词原形.It is so cool as if it _(be)winter.They talked as if they_(be) friends for years. It looks as if it _( rain).as if/as though引导的从句也可用陈述语气，表示情况是真实的，或实现的可能性较大时候更是如此。a. He talks as if he is drunk. b. It looks as if it is going to rain.四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气11.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时

22、态。例如: Wish +宾语从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望过去时（were / V-ed）表示与过去事实相反的愿望过去完成时 （ had + p.p.）表示与未来事实相反的愿望would/could / might+动词原形I wish I _(know) some French,I wish I _（see）the film yesterday.I wish she _（come）on time tomorrow.2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条

23、建议suggest , advise, propose;六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire等。 He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.He insisted that he_(be)right and that all of us _(apologize) to him3.考题点击：Is it necessary that he

24、_ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. takeIt is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldIt was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型：1). It be+过去分词(suggested

25、, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded, arranged, desired, advised)+that+(should)+动词原形+It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2). It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, stra

26、nge, surprising It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.How strange that you should not have heard it!It is quite natural that she should succeed.3). It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形+It is no wonder that she should not write to you.她不给你写信一点也不奇怪.4.虚拟语气在表语从句，同位语从句中的应

27、用在 idea, proposal, suggestion, order, recommendation, requirement, decision, advice 等表示提议，要求，命令等名词之后的表语从句，同位语从句中，谓语动词可用“should +动词原形”形式，或省去should，直接用动词原形作谓语。His proposal is that the meeting be put off. He gives a proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening. He issued the order tha

28、t the work be done at once. 2 2 Its (about/high) time +that -+过去时/should +V.Its high time that you _(go).注意: 此句型与下面的句型的区别:It is time for somebody to do something.It is/ was the first time that从句现在完成时/过去完成时3. if only意为：“要是.那该多好啊; 真希望.”; 由其引起的感叹句，谓语动词的形式与if虚拟条件句相同, 现在：过去（were） 过去：过去完成将来：would/could/ +

29、 v Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ (follow)your advice.only if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。4.祝愿语气：动词原形或may+原形动词表示May the spirit of Lei Feng live on forever!May you succeed题型1. (09安徽29) Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would答案 B2. (09北京25) One of the