高中英语 高考选词填空专项讲解及巩固练习有答案.docx

1、高中英语 高考选词填空专项讲解及巩固练习有答案选词填空本节内容（一）考情分析1.近6年高考选词文章分析10年后选词填空题文体以说明文为主题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。2.近6年高考选词词汇分析2012年A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxiousF. concern G. crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed2013年A. restore B. recall C. processing D. previously E.

2、 necessaryF. locating G. instead H. fascinating I. elsewhere J. composition2014年A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply2015年A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflictingF. elements G. function H.innovat

3、ive I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 2016年A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze2017年A.challenging B.prioritizing C.locally D.initiated E.transferred F.established G.aggressively H.source I.volumn

4、 J.favor K.considerable主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。副词用于调整题目的难易度与词汇的考察。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大，一般是学生学习的难点与弱点。3.近6年高考选词高频词汇分布年份首字母121314151617A-anxiousavailable/alertaccount applianceadjustableaccessalternativeassign/C-concerncr

5、isiscompositionclassifycommitcaptureconfirmconflictchallengingconsiderableP-/process, previously/prospectiveprioritizingRe-reversedrestore, recallrelieve/I-indicationsinsteadimposeintendinnovativeinitiatedM-maintained/moderation/考纲词汇积累与运用是选词填空的考察重点，也是学生英语学习的大难点。从上表中不难看出首字母a-,c-.p-, re-, i-高频词汇考察多，且多

6、为长难词。P-开头以pl-,pro-,pre-为重难点，也是学生容易混淆的词汇点。首字母m-, f-, t-,d-,s- 高频词次之（二）解题步骤第一步，判断方框内单词词性。 有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。doing和done可以不标。第二步，略读抓中心。略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。第三步，填词入空。分为三小步：1、确认空处可填词性，2、同性词筛选，3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。（三）空格词性判断1. 确定空格为名词 （句子缺主语或宾语）(1)如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词或者及物动词，空格处应填入名词； They prefer to

7、 live according to the 48 observers of their 17th century European ancestors.The officials realized that the students had already established digital_41. identities _ _ by the time they entered collegeThe Verizon-Google proposal offers 50 suggestions for a debate that is not likely to end soon.(2)如果

8、空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。Their debates took place before 44 audience in cornfields and courthouse squares.(3)如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；46 Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers.2. 确定空格为动词（句子缺谓语动词） (1)如果空格前面已经有

9、名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词；Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas 43 debated each other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858, two years before they became presidential nominees (总统候选人).(2)如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词；The first step in defeating this anxiety is real

10、izing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be 44 minimized.(3)如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应填不及物动词；Parents 44 vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children.(4)如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词；Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will

11、 _ 49stay_ fresh for several days.(5)如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 For example, a student who changes their email carrier will probably forget to 49 alert the institution to the change(6)如果句子没有主语，也没有谓语，说明是祈使句，应该填动词原形。Next, 36 assess the scene, asking other people or the injured pers

12、ons family or friends about details of the injury or illness3. 确定空格为形容词（句子缺定语和表语） (1)如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词；They are easily recognized by their 42distinctive Clothing.(2)如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词；The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so 46 efficient at providing leade

13、rs with feedback from the public.(3)如果空格处前面是系动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。This is a city that knows how to be both 49 ancient and modern.(4)如果空格处前面或后面有形容词且用并列连词或逗号连接，空格处应该填入形容词。Their minds can serve to create 50 expressive, complex structures, even when there is no existing grammar for them to copy. (5)名词后有可能填

14、形容词，形容词短语可修饰名词作定语。 The Bunk is a place familiar to almost everyone in China. 4. 确定空格为副词（句子不缺主要成分，用来做状语） (1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。These stations will _43 adequately _ prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.(2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。All rain forests share cert

15、ain _41_ features, including a closed canopy, the dense vegetation of the top branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and 42 relatively constant temperatures throughout the year.(3) 如果空格前面be动词与后面的介词、形容词、分词等可以构成完整搭配，空格处填入副词。Today, its hard to believe that todays ov

16、er-50-years people used to be _45 strongly _ against Elvis Presleys dance moves.In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is 43 regularly voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world.5.确定动词非谓语形式（do, doing, done） (1)动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语。Mr Gignacde

17、nies_45 taking_ his customers for fools: “They know what theyre getting. They appreciate the fact that theyre taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.”(09上海卷)As you sneeze and cough, you scold yourselffornot _wearing_ your warm coat yesterday. And you worry that your whole family

18、 will catch your cold too.(3)分词作状语。Arabs were originally those who lived in Arabia (阿拉伯半岛). But from the AD600s Arabian Arabs, inspired by their new faith Islam, swept through Western Asia and North Africa, _conquering_ and settling a huge area.(4)分词作定语。注意像left，used单个分词也能放名词后作定语。The samples used wer

19、e sent by Mr. Wang.The bell _indicating_ the end of the period rang.He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply _34 divided_ by his campaign against Clinton.(5)空格前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。The army was given the job of keeping peace in this dif

20、ficult Indian country of the western plains. Soldiers were sent out to build forts and roads. They triedto_protect_ the wagon trains from Indian attacks.It is, however, desirable that he should have a rough idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restrictedto_knowing_ h

21、ow proper names and place names are pronounced.（四）根据后缀确定单词词性一）、名词后缀1-ster，-eer，-er（or）意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人。例词：gamester，gangster，engineer，profiteer，mountaineer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor2-let意为：小或者不重要的东西。例词：booklet，leaflet，starlet3-ism意为：道义，主义，学说等。例词：idealism， impressionism，racism4-ess意为：女

22、性。例词：actress，poetess，hostess，paintress5-hood意为：时期。例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood6-ship意为：才能，状态，资格，品质等。例词：leadership，friendship，membership，sportsmanship7-ful意为：量。例词：cupful，handful， mouthful，spoonful8-tion，-ion意为：1）状态，行动等。例词：action，oppression，possession，education，starvation 2）机构等。例词： organization，founda

23、tion9-ment意为：状态，行动等。例词：movement，enslavement，pavement10-al意为：动作。例词：arrival，refusal，revival，recital，removal11-age意为：程度，数量等。例词：coverage，shrinkage，breakage，hostage12-ness；-ity（ty）意为：状态，品质。例词：happiness，usefulness，selfishness，activity，sanity，changeability二）、动词后缀1-ify意为：转为，变为。例词：beautify, simplify, classif

24、y2-ize；-en意为：使，变得。例词：modernize，popularize，symbolize，ripen，widen，threaten3-ate意为：增加，使。例词：originate，initiate三）、形容词后缀1-ful意为：充满，有。例词：useful，pitiful， hopeful，helpful，forgetful，thankful， fearful2-less意为：没有，无。例词：speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless3-ly意为：有品质的。例词：beastly，manly， brotherly，frie

25、ndly4-like意为：像的。例词： childlike，tigerlike5-y；-ish意为：像一般的。例词：sandy， silky，hairy，leafy，watery，foolish，girlish，blackish6-some意为：像一样的；引起的；有品质的。例词：troublesome，tiresome，bothersome7-able（ible）意为：能的；可以的。例词： changeable，readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible8-ed意为：有的。例词：wooded，pointed，odd-shaped9-al意为：有属性的，类

26、型的。例词：cultural，personal，regional，musical10-ary（ory）意为：属于的，与相连的。例词：revolutionary，imaginary11-ous意为：富含的；有品质的；像的。例词：glorious，gracious12-ic（ical）意为：类的；属于的。例词： historic，historical，dramatic，heroic13-ive意为：有属性的；有某种倾向的。例词： talkative，restrictive，defensive，constructive，sensitive四）、副词后缀1-ly意为：以方式。例词：happily，at

27、tentively，strangely2-ward（s）意为：表示方式或动作的方向。例词：backward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s）3-wise意为：1）按照方式。例词：crabwise，clockwise2）就而言。例词：weatherwise ，educationwise课堂练习 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more tha

28、n you need.A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you rea

29、lly_42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help_43_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who de

30、cides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.Governments dont have to_44_healthier lifestyles through laws, for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-on

31、e that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with_45_hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, h