硕士英语翻译考试.docx

1、硕士英语翻译考试硕士英语翻译考试点一、句子结构二、词汇：个别单词的特定意思一、句子结构1. 常规成分分开：主语与谓语分开，考你是否能找到谓语03年Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中的“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象的概念

2、，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。04年Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语

3、法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。03年The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在问候形态时所采用的跨文化视觉，使得这项研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。00年in the ea

4、rly industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. 在欧洲前期实现工业化的国家当中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持

5、续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中的国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。1. 常规成分分开：谓语与宾语分开We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 09 因此，我们可以在上面所考虑的宽泛的教育过程中，区别出一种比较正规的教育，即直接教育或学校教育。2. 并列问题：并列句05年Telev

6、ision is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe 电视是激发和传递感情的一种方式，在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近欧洲事件中那样取过如此大的作用。02年The behavioral sciences have been sl

7、ow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and -partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的一句似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方法一直难以找到。09年Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually

8、 still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 这种制度的副产品只有逐步得到认识；而在实施这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导作用的时间更加地缓慢。00年in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was sp

9、read over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. 在欧洲早期实现工业化的国家当中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中的国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。2. 并列问题：并列成分00年Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the h

10、elp of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制措施，以及得到诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协作。02年Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.如果这些问题得不到解决，已经行为的技术手段就会继续受

11、到排斥，解释问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。10年It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. （注意：to不能省略）这种观点很可能会忽视，因而最终会消除陆地生物群落里的很多重要的因素，虽然这些因素缺乏商业价值，但对土地的健康机制而言，他们去至关重要。08年Darwin was convinced t

12、hat the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能有损于智力，甚至可能会伤害道德（的培养）。07年Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserv

13、e of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. 传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律作为是律师专有的特权，而不是每一个受过教育的人必备的知识才能。3. 定语的问题：定语从句01年Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives

14、the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年日历，它列出了人们有望看到的数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。01年But that, Pearson points out, is only（状语，提到谓语动词前面） the start of man-machine integration（介词引导的后置定语）: It will be the beginning of the long

15、 process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”03年Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same re

16、asoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。04年The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Eu

17、rope long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这个观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别之前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。05年In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that wor

18、k in relation to one another. 在欧洲就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了。这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合在一起。05年This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss i

19、n 1989. 仅这一点就表明，在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然的，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中，1989年出现亏损的不下50%。05年Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 不同文化和传统组成了联系“旧大陆”的网络，创造一

20、个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”并不容易，需要战略性的选择。07年On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观点同日常实际联系起来这种联系类似于新闻记者必须在报道以及评论新闻时根据日常规则所形成的联系方式。08年He adds humbly that pe

21、rhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”他谦卑地补充道：或许他和“普通人比起来，更能注意到那些别人不容易注意到的细节，更能够对此加以详细地观察。” 03年Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capab

22、ilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.泰勒把文化定义为：“一个复合体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。”01年There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污招标（违规），监控器就会使其停止行驶

23、。08年He asserted also that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 他还断言，在深入理解冗长且完整抽象的一系列观点上，他的能力收到了局限。鉴于此，他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。10年It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to

24、eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. 这种观点很可能会忽视，因而最终会消除陆地生物群落里的很多重要因素，虽然这些要素缺乏商业价值，但对土地的健康机制而言，却至关重要。00年Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass

25、 migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这些流动相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。定语从句的翻译技巧总汇1. 大致需要掌握三种方式：2. （1）把定语从句译成汉语的前置定语；3. （2）化解定语从句，即按顺序翻译，不保留定语从句的痕迹；4. （3）译成汉语的另外一句；5. （4）限制性与非限制性互换。介绍另一类的翻译技巧供参考：例句 The inconsistent actions of thi

26、s lawyer, who has two small children, illustrate the (1) (2) (3) spectrum of concerns surrounding a hot issue in American criminal; how to handle sex offenders (4) (5) (6) who are released form prison.(7) （8） 译文 这个律师有两个年幼的孩子，他前后矛盾的行为 说明了 人们对 美国刑事审 (2) (1) (3) (4) (6)判中的一个热点问题的关注，如何对待刑满释放的 性罪犯。 (5) (

27、8) （7）评析 原文的顺序是自然顺序，译成中文后去成了21346587。例2 She said that the woman who had assaulted her drove a red car with a phone antenna (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)and an infant seat.译文 她说，那袭击她的 女人 开着一辆 带有电话天线和婴儿座位的 红色轿车。 (1) (3) (2) (4) (5) (4)评析 从原文的编号12345，变成了中文的132454。两处，32和54存在着颠倒现象。为什么？因为（2）是先行词，（3）是定语从句；（4）是先行词， 3

28、. 定语的问题：后置定语03年The emphasis on data（数据）gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 强调收集第一手资料（数据），加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时所采用的跨文化视角，使得这项研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。02年The role o

29、f natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of theindividual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐述，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚被认识和研究。00年 in

30、 the early industrialized countries of Europe， the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. 在欧洲早期实现工业化的国家当中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的社会结构各

31、种深刻的的变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中的国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。10年In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community，to be preserved as such, within reason. 在欧洲，其林业在生态上更加发达，公益林木被认为是原始森林群落的一部分，同样应该得到合理的保护。后置定语的翻译技巧总汇6. 把修饰部分

32、调到名词的前面。7. 多个后修饰成分，从最后一个往前掉，特别注意是以介词引导的短语。8. 修饰部分是现在分词引导的，必须与被修饰词之间关系是主动关系；过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系。9. 不定式的基本意思是将来时。4. 同位语从句10年Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 科学家们迅速地赶来挽救这种局面，他们使用的证据明显地站不住脚，大意是说：如果鸟不能控制这些虫子，虫子就会吃光一切。07年