高中英语01知识讲解 4.docx

1、高中英语01知识讲解 4高一重点词汇四必修二Units 4-5词汇复习 知识讲解重点单词： respond【点拨】respond vi. 回答，答复；响应，做出反应respond to sb./ sth. 回答(比 answer, reply to正式)respond to sb./ sth. (with/ by sth.) 用回应某人(事)respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response to sb./ sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to 作为对的反应This allows them to respond more approp

2、riately to the user. (2015天津高考)这让他们对用户做出更合适的回应。Slow to respond to the change, your body clock is confused. (2015重庆高考)慢慢地对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。They still havent responded to my letter. 他们至今仍没有回我的信。He responded to my suggestion with a laugh. 他对我的建议报以一笑。His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs.他的疾病

3、对药物治疗没有反应。My mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。【拓展】response n. 回答，回复；反应certain 【点拨】certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种)作“某(种)”讲时，和some同义，但some前不加冠词。for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某种原因certain professorssome professors 某些教授a certain amou

4、nt of time 相当一段时间作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，和sure同义，但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于“It is certain that.”句型，而sure主语只能是人。“be certain/sure从句” (人)有把握/确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)make certain/sure从句 弄清楚/确保make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情

5、弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)It is certain that. 一定会 (不能用 sure)There was a certain coldness in his manner. 他的态度有点冷淡。Are you certain about it？你对此有把握吗？He is certain to do his duty. 他肯定会尽职。Im certain that he has wronged me. 我确信他冤枉了我。Its certain that their team will win the match. 他们队肯定会赢得比赛。For some

6、 reason, when certain shows switched into a mercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. ( 2015高考新课标卷II)由于某些原因，当某种节目转到商业广告时，很大的噪音就会响上几秒钟。 The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. ( 2015陕西高考) 这些物种的毁灭会阻碍研究者们找到某些疾病的治疗方法。affect 【点拨】affect

7、 vt. 影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉be affected with high fever发高烧The amount of rain affects the growth of crops. 降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。The audience were deeply affected by his speech. 听众

8、被他的演讲深深打动了。On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. ( 2015陕西高考)在某个地区，需要充分阳光照耀的森林的损害会影响这个地方的鸟类和动物。appreciate 【点拨】appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人He highly appreciated his help. 他非常感谢他的帮助。

9、appreciate (one/ones) doing sth.感激（某人）做某事We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。I really appreciate your ing to the party. 你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。I would appreciate it if. 如果，我将不胜感激。I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。She learned to appreciate some parts of the dif

10、ficult books. ( 2015浙江高考)她学着欣赏这些很难的书的某些部分。Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly ( 刻薄) . ( 2015福建高考)很快她学着欣赏生活而不是苛刻的评判每一件事。succeed 【点拨】succeed vi成功The experiment has succeeded. 试验已成功。succeed in doing sth.We all succeeded in passing the mid-term examina

11、tion.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth.成功做某事achieve great success 取得巨大的成功【拓展】success n. 成功；成就 ；成功的人或事He was a success as a novelist. 他是非常成功的小说家。successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地harm 【点拨】harm vt. & n损害；危害The dog seems fierce, but it wont harm anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它

12、不会伤害任何人。do sb. harmdo harm to sb.对有害There is no harm in doing sth. It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事无妨(或没有坏处)。He may say no, but there is no harm in asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。【拓展】harmful adj.有害的be harmful todo harm toFruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。pretend 【点拨】pretend vt

13、. 假装；假扮pretend sth. 伪称某事物(尤用做借口)He pretended a headache yesterday.昨天他假装头疼。pretend to do.假装做We mustnt pretend to know what we dont know. 我们不应不懂装懂。pretend to ben. (adj.) 假装是He pretended to be dead when he met a bear. 当他遇到熊时就装死pretend to be doing.假装正在做pretend to have done. 假装已做pretend thatclause 假装Jack

14、 pretended to be reading/ to have finished homework/ that he didnt know the truth.杰克假装正在读书/假装已经写完了作业/假装不知道事情的真相。attach 【点拨】attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等)attach sth. to sth. 把某物系到某物上attach yourself to sb./sth. 参加，和在一起attach to sb./ sth.与有联系，与有关联be attached to sb./sth. 依恋，留恋She attached a chequeto the or

15、der form. 她在订货单上附了一张支票。Dont worrythere are no strings attached. 不用担心没有附加的条件。She attaches great importance to the regular exercise. 她对常规训练极为重视。No blame attaches to him for the accident. 这次事故的责任与他无关。I am deeply attached to this novel. 我非常喜欢这部小说。【拓展】attached adj. 依恋的，留恋的attachment n. 附件；依恋；眷恋；深爱form 【点

16、拨】form vt. & vi. 形成；组织；养成；培养form(set up) a club 成立俱乐部form a good habit 养成好习惯form the habit offall/get into the habit of 养成的习惯form an organization 成立一个组织Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.（2016 上海高考）数百人已经通过你桌上的摆设形成了对你的第一印象。His research formed

17、 the basis of the new book. 他的研究成果是这本新书的基础。n. 形式；表格；形状，外形；状况；精神fill in the form 填表格in the form of 以的形式in/out of form 状况良好/不佳I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. (2016 浙江高考)The footballers been out of form. 这个足球运动员的状态不好。He is filling in the application form. 他正在填申请表。perform 【点拨】vt. & vi 表演；履

18、行；执行Our team performed well in the match. 我们队在比赛中表现很出色。perform an experiment 做实验You shall perform the experiment the way they do. 你们要按照他们的方法去做实验。give/put on a performance 演出e and see Gee Whizz perform. Hes the funniest stand-up edian on the edy. scene. （2016 高考新课标二卷） 来看看Gee Whizz表演吧，他是最可乐的喜剧演员。The s

19、peaker might be performer in the concert. (2016 西城二模)说话者可能是音乐会的表演者。The season runs June through August，with additional performances in March and September. perform a part/ role in. 在中扮演角色The police perform a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。perform ones promise 守信；履行诺言perform duty 尽职【拓展

20、】performance n. 履行，执行；表演performer n. 执行者；表演者familiar 【点拨】familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；通晓的；亲密的Yao Ming is a familiar star to us. 姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。be familiar with 对熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。Are you familiar with the puter software they use? 你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？be familiar to 为所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物，to后的宾语常是指

21、“人”的名词。This nursery rhyme is veryfamiliar to me. 我对这首童谣很熟悉。sb. be familiar with sb. 某人与某人亲密无间personal【点拨】A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people. 如果说“personal opinion, quality, or thing”，说明该方面只属于某个特定的个人而不属于其他人。You dont need to agr

22、ee with me. Thats my personal opinion.你没有必要同意我，这只是个人的观点。He has given books, furniture, and other personal belongings to the charity.他把书、家具和其他个人物品捐给了慈善机构。The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.总统到了，跟着他的私人保镖。Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health.私密的事情与感

23、情、个人关系、健康有关。He is teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships at a munity college. 他在一所社区大学中教给学生关于婚姻和私人关系的课程。Try not to allow personal problems to affect your performance.尽量不要让私人问题影响你的表演。It is not right to ask us to sacrifice our personal lives to our work.要求我们为了工作而牺牲个人生命是不对的。Mr.

24、 Knight said that he had resigned for personal reasons.耐特先生由于个人原因辞职了。total【点拨】A total is the number that you get when you add several numbers together or when you count how many things there are in a group. total是一个名词，“A total”是一个总数，指你把几个数加在一起，或者数出来的数。The panies have a total of 1,776 employees. 这家公司

25、的雇员总数为1,776.The total number or cost of something is the number or cost that you get when you add together or count all the parts in it. total还可作为形容词，“total number/ cost”指把各部分加起来的总数或者总的价格。The total cost of the project would be more than $240 million. 这个工厂的总费用将超过2.4亿美元。If there are a number of things

26、 in total, there are that number when you count or add them together. 如果很多事物“in total”，总数加起来总共是那个数字。I was with my wife for eight years in total. 我跟我太太在一起加起来有八年了。In total, 45 per cent of adults in Britain are exposed to tobacco smoke at home.在英国，总共有45%的成年人在家里被动吸烟。totally也可以替换in total，但totally还可以相当于pl

27、etely。Young people want something totally different from the old ways. 年轻人想要和原来的的方式完全不同的东西The fire totally (= pletely) destroyed the top floor. 大火彻底毁掉了顶层。 reserve【点拨】reserven.保护区，禁猎区；储藏，储备v.保留；预约，预订（=book）常用结构：a forest reserve 保护林a game reserve 禁猎区in reserve 储备，备用without reserve 坦率地，毫无保留地keep a rese

28、rve of. for (=reserve sth. for) 保留以备I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrows match我必须为明天的比赛储备充足的体力。I have little money in reserve我几乎毫无积蓄。Youd better reserve the money for future need你最好保留那笔钱以备将来之需。Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock.我想预定八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。【拓展1】reservationn.保留地；居

29、留地reservedadj.内向的；说话不多的；预订的unreservedadj.未被预订的【拓展2】形近词：deserve 应得；值得hunt【点拨】hunt v. & n.常用搭配：hunt for/after 追逐，寻找，搜索go hunting 去打猎a hunting dog猎狗a hunting ground 狩猎场These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern F

30、rench Republic。 （2016 四川高考）当地居民不得不平衡传统的自给自足的狩猎生活方式和由现在法国政府提供的生活方式。Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring（2016 北京高考）冒险者在狩猎、战斗和探索方面更强一些。Alexander thought treasure hunting was the purpose of the 1914 voyage. （2016 高考新课标二卷）亚历山大认为1914年的远航是为了寻找珠宝。Well go hunting this Sunday morning if we

31、ather permits如果天气允许的话我们周日上午就去打猎。The American natives used to make a living by hunting animals美洲土著人曾靠打猎为生。Knowing a foreign language sometimes is a must in job hunting懂一门外语有时是找工作的必要条件。He is on the hunt for a better job他在寻找更好的工作。重点短语 e into being 【点拨】e in to being出现；形成；产生We dont know when the universe came into being. 我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。Such a custom came into being long ago. 这种风俗很久以前就有了。e into being是不及物动词短语，无被动