作文2008gre写作素材汇总包gre汇总包gre详细分类.doc

1、请大家尊重我的劳动，不要在网上传播！应鸣！说明：红色下划线的推荐写全文，紫色曲线下划线的推荐写提纲。题目编号+20=通用编号（如244则减244） 一、Politics & government 23. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. 一个公仆如果想成为一位杰出的领导者就必须保持最高的伦理和道德标准。 149. Those who treat politics and morality as though they were s

2、eparate realms fail to understand either the one or the other. 那些把政治和道德看成是两码事的人是既不懂政治又不懂道德的。 23149（政治和伦理道德） 62. Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum whishes to exhibit. 政府根本就不应该审查一家博物馆计划展出的艺术作品或者历史陈列。 204. Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified. 审查

3、很少能够做到公正。 62=204 77. It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of peoples lives. 尽管很不幸，但是这却是真实存在的事实，政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。（政治与生活） 88. In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can h

4、elp people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings trials, debates, meetings, etc- that are televised, the more society will benefit. 在很多国家中，现在通过电视来观看政府的运作已经成为可能。观察这些过程有助于人们了解哪些影响他们生活的决策。可以供传播的政府运作越多审判、辩论、会议等等对社会的好处就越多。 103. It is possible to identify

5、a persons politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people-their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eatreflects their political beliefs. 通过和一个人短时间的接触来了解它的政治信仰是有可能的。和人们有关的一切人们穿什么样的衣服、结交什么样的朋友、如何说话、吃什么东西都能够反映出他们的政治信仰。 188. The way people look, dress, a

6、nd act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a societys ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people. 人们的眼神、穿着和动作都揭示了他们的态度和兴趣。你可以透过观察一个社会中人们的外貌和举止来认识该社会的理念和价值观。 103=188 147. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all t

7、he time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a political. 对于一个英明的政治领导者来说，总是坦白是不可能的。彻底的诚实对于一个政治家来说是无用的美德。 232. It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. 对于政治领导者来说，向人民大众隐瞒信息通常是必要的，甚至有益的。 147=232 （1）ego principle, judgment V.S, mass in

8、clination 25. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve. 政府官员应该依靠自己的判断而不是不管三七二十一的遵从人民的意愿。 59. Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed a

9、nd thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of general public. 主要的决策权应该全部交给政治家和其他的政府专家，他们更加见多识广且比一般的老百姓具有更好的判断能力和洞察力。 140. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is qui

10、ckly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. 对于一位强有力的领导者来说，最关键的能力就是要对一些原则和目标坚定不移。任何领导如果很频繁的、很轻易的为大众的意志而转移的话，他将会一事无成。 175. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus. 政治的目的不应该是追求一种理想，而

11、是寻求共同点和合理的一致。 182. Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. 不同于伟大的思想家和艺术家，最杰出的政治领袖通常都必须为了妥协而屈从于大众的意见并且放弃原则。 125. A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to ch

12、anging social conventions without sacrificing ones principle. 对于个性的最大考验在于一个人是否能够适应不断变化的社会规范而不牺牲自己的原则。 25=59=175=182=140125 （2）environment protection 63. Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus acce

13、ssible to only a few people. 政府应该保留国家领土中公共拥有的荒凉地区，即使这些地区往往人迹罕至。 101. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost i

14、n money and jobs, to save endangered species. 在过去不同的地质时期，许多的物种因为自然作用而非人类行为而灭绝。因此，人类社会为了挽救濒危物种而付出的巨大努力，尤其是以大量的资金和工作机会为代价，这样做是毫无道理的。 129. The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects. 保护野生环境最实际和最有

15、效的途径就是通过环保的（旅游）项目吸引更多的旅游者来这些地区（旅游）。 222. Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. 社会应该以不计人类的的努力、时间和金钱为代价，尝试挽救每一个动植物物种。 二、Scientific research, learning, subjects 20. Scholars and researchers should not

16、be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem. 我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。 151. People who pursue thei

17、r own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good. 能够造福社会的是那些纯粹出于个人原因而追求自己兴趣知识的人，而不是那些打算为大众谋福利的人。 20=151 21. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and p

18、aranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science. 研究界的一些非主流领域，比如星象学、占卜术和意念及超自然探索，在社会中起到了很重要的作用，因为它们满足了人们无法从主流科学获得的需求。 41. High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only

19、a few people deserve such recognition. 最高荣誉比如诺贝尔奖实际上是在损害社会，因为这种奖项在暗示只有少数人才配得上这样的荣誉。 99. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many peoples lives will be improved if the results are successful? 当研究的重点被置于科学、教育或

20、者其他领域中时，最重要的问题就是要考虑如果研究获得成功会有多少人的生活得以改善。 157. The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes. 对于一门学科的研究会改变我们对世界的看法。在学习这门学科之后，我们看到的世界一如既往，但是我们本身的角度和眼光已然不同。 164. It is a grave mistake to

21、theorize before one has data. 在掌握足够的资料之前建立理论会导致严重的错误。 209. The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole. 学习一门新学科或新技术的最好方法是深入的学习某个小的部分或细节，而不是一开始就试图去从整体来把握。 （1）investment on science 11.

22、Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial. 花在研究上的资金基本上都是不错的投资，即使研究的结果是有争议的。 24. Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear. 政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究，无论是医学方面还是伦理方面的。

23、 49. Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. 政府应该少限制科学研究和发展。 24=49 但与11题观点相反 （2）perspective and attitude of scientific authorities and experts 48. People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their c

24、ontributions might be. 人们经常错误的猜疑和不信任专家，无论专家们的贡献是多么的有价值。 67. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries. 在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可可能获得重要的发现。 122. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. 当很多人都质疑权威的时候社会才会繁荣昌盛。

25、 148. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. 批评性的判断在任何领域当中都是没什么用处的，除非它是来自于该领域中的专家。 （3）academic specialism V.S. generalism and intersection 200. The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result,

26、the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other. 知识的增加促使了人们的专业化。其结果是不同的专业化领域之间的差异变得越来越大以至于各个领域中的专业人员很少能够互相影响了。 228. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and expe

27、rience to that field of study. 在任何一个研究领域当中，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。 233. Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use. 这些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者

28、们的理念只影响小范围的人群。除非学者们能拥有影响更大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。 三、Individual V.S. others, group and society 1. Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other i

29、nstitution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world. 改革几乎从来都不是由那些关心自己声誉和社会地位的人发起的。那些真正热衷于政府改革、教育改革和其他机构改革的人们一定都是甘于被他人轻视的。 39. Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices

30、that are best for them. 太多的注意力被放在了模式化方面。与其模仿别人，人们还不如学习独立思考和做出最合适自己的选择。 40. The mediaand society in generalmistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group. 媒体和整个社会错误地希望某个人的发言就代表了某一个特定的群体，无论这个个人是否代表了整个群体的意见。

31、 93. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 如果我们要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所处的社会团体。 40=93 51. Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others. 学会独自消磨时光会使你更好地成为别人的伙伴。 57. People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate g

32、oals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole. 现在的人们太个人主义了。与其追求以个人为中心和孤立的目标，人们更需要明白满足是源于为家庭、社区或者整个社会的更大利益的服务。 174. The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative. 对于生活或者事业最好的准备不是学会竞争而是学会合作。 178. Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences. 社会应该多一些鼓励个人间的差异而不是统一。 210. College students-and people in generalprefer to follow di