高三英语浅谈任务型读写的解题技巧及例题练习.docx

1、高三英语浅谈任务型读写的解题技巧及例题练习浅谈任务型阅读解题策略一、任务型阅读的命题特点（一）题型设置对于表格中所缺的单词，命题者往往重实词（动词和名词）的考查。题目的设置归纳起来可以分为以下三种类型。1信息捕捉题（基础题）要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。2信息转换题（活用题）灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上，运用多中表达方式表意的能力，突显遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉

2、到的信息进行加工转换。3信息综合题（综合概括题）要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行（栏）的标题，考查学生概括与推断的能力，归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。（二）特点归纳任务型读写的命题特点可归纳为以下几点：1突出体现文章结构与层次任务型读写与传统的阅读理解题的主要不同就在于他对文章结构和层次的体现。从大标题（文章主题）到小标题（论述的各个侧面或分析列举），再到各个细节或不同论据，任务型读写以表格的形式形象地展现了文章的框架，让学生对文章进行了从“骨头”到“血肉”的彻底分析。2强调捕捉与组织信息的能力任务型读写设题的初衷是考察学生对

3、信息的综合加工和处理能力，其信息不仅体现在短文阅读中，还体现在对表格信息的比较和理解中。综合考试说明中的四种类型所体现的三类命题，即捕捉信息题、组织信息题和归纳信息题，较为恰当的设题比例一般是5：3：2。单就这一题型来讲，兼顾了学生的不同层次，有覆盖面也有区分度，从考查学生水平的角度来说，是比较科学和客观的。3兼顾阅读理解与文字表述的能力任务型阅读属于主观题范畴，故其在阅读理解能力的考察之外，适当向文字表达能力倾斜。所有的组织信息题，都需要考察对阅读所得的信息进行加工，同时兼顾空格前后的文字与句式来选择用适当的单词。在这一过程中，所有文字表述需要的知识点都会得到相应的考察，例如主谓一致、时态语

4、态、非谓语动词、固定搭配等基础的语言知识。二、解题步骤1略读。理解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。因此，要快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即Topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。2扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考察要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。如捕捉信息题可以去文中查

5、读，其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。一般题目的结构是：全文的标题 在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。各段大意 试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。对各段大意的详细的阐述 从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。3精读。 深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中 所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、

6、所填词汇的词性、所填 单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。4 复查。通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。三 解题技巧在掌握了科学的解题步骤之后，同学门还要掌握一些实用的解题技巧。（一）捕捉信息的技巧1确定文章与表格之间的对应关系。先略读短文，然后速览表格，借助所给图表结构抓住文章中心大意以及文章的脉络。并确定表格中某一行或某一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。2确定文章中相应的句子。在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。注意，有时表格中的语境悄悄发生了变化，有的是在空格前后“多一词”，有的”是“少一词”，还有的是“换一词”。考生如果稍不留神就会犯

7、错。（二）变通信息的技巧。有许多答案是不能直接在文章中找到原句或原词的，这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语和句型有关。1间接法-即基于原文某个词语的语法变形，如，主动与被动，谓语动词与非谓语动词，动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式，动词与名词，名词与形容词，形容词、副词的比较级与最高级，名词单复数等。2意译法-即对原文中的某句话在保持意思不变的前提下，变换一种说法。这种变换有一定的难度，要求你吃透原句意思，然后进行转换或解释。答案的来 源往往有三个方面。（1）根据关键词的导航，在文中捕捉原始信息。（2）根据空格前后变化了的新语境，从语法和搭配的角度对原始信息进

8、行加工。（3）根据单元格本身的行文规律，遵循同一栏在表达上的一致性原则，从周围单元格中确定信息最终的输出形式。（三）概括信息的技巧不会概括归纳的原因有两个：一是没有看懂表格里横向单元格和纵向单元格之间的逻辑关系；二是没有掌握常见的表示归纳概括的词语。1看懂表格。归纳概括词语往往位于表格上面的第一行或表格左边的第一列。方法通常是：看下面的单元格向上概括：看右边的单元格向左归纳。大多是归纳某一段落的大意，有时是概括全文的主旨。归纳概括的注意事项有：（1）大小写 （2）单复数 （3）搭配 2掌握常见的归纳概括词语。（1）赞成和反对的理由pros and cons（2) 优劣 advantages,d

9、isadvantages(3) 异同 similarities, differences(4) 建议 suggestions, tips, advice(5) 态度、观点 attitudes to/towards, opinion of(6) 简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction, phenomenon(phenomena), problem(s)四. 任务型阅读填空题解题技巧的实例分析 我们结合下面的例子来剖析以下高考英语任务性阅读的解题方略： 认真阅读下列短文， 并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的词，每空一个词。 Host family a

10、ccommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students for its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have something to worry about. Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for it

11、s advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families also has the advantage for st

12、udents of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living a

13、t a low cost. The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites, now generally single and young, have less times available for students but the selling

14、 point for host family accommodation is communication practice. One the other hand, students expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries. To get out of the

15、 difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structur

16、ed family activities. It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students. Title: 76.Host family _Theme Host families are improving the accommodation quality77. _1）Language study78. _ becoming faster 2）Cultural communication(1) 79. _with hosts(2)

17、 Knowing the local way of life, people and culture3）80. _ of livingBeing least expensive sometimes81. _1）Loss of selling pointHosts having less time for students2）82. _ in expectationsStudents becoming more demanding 83. _Service quality improvement(1) 84. _ living conditions(2) Organizing structure

18、d family activities85. _Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with students. 76accommodation这是对全文的概括，文章第一段第一句话就给了提示信息。其中，关键词是accommodation. 77Advantages.根据第二段内容，尤其是第一句：for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. 再根据该题（表格）右边所对应的三点。其中，关键词是advantag

19、es. 78. Possibly 根据表格该题目的左边第一点提示及第二段第二句后language acquisition is likely to become faster.其中，关键词是likely. 79Communicating根据第二段第三句able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture.其中，关键词是communicating 80Cost 根据表格中该题左边的已知信息及第二段第

20、一句末尾。其中，关键词是cost. 81WorriesProblems根据表格该题右边已知信息及第三段的内容（尤其是第一句）。其中，关键词是worrying. 82Rise 根据表格中该题右边的已知信息及第三段倒数第二句中students expectations have risen.其中，关键词是risen. 83EffortsMeasures.根据该题表格右边的已知信息及第四段的内容尤其是该段第一句。其中，关键词是efforts. 84. Bettering 根据该题表格左边的已知信息及第四段第二句。其中，关键词是better.（bettering的形式根据该题下面的第（2）点已知信息o

21、rganizing）. 85. Conclusion根据全文的意义及最后一句。 英语任务型阅读（一）Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

22、In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say tha

23、t it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way a

24、dvocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people al

25、so did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? T

26、here is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.In con

27、clusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish? M

28、ain comparisonsContexts _1_ are changingIn the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the first _2_.Nowadays, people seem to be more _3_about themselves._4_are changing too.People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让的).People may strive to achieve their own _5_ at the pr

29、ice of their coworkers.The authors understanding_6_ for the changes in authors eyesFierce _7_ and great _8_on modern people may be responsible for the changes.The authors _9_towards topicA relationship which can _10_ two sides should be established. 1.Values 2. place 3. concerned 4. Behaviors 5. goa

30、ls 6. Reasons 7. competition 8. pressure 9. attitudes 10. benefit （二）Traditionally, customers may consider more about what they buy the product for. However, the image of product and the consuming circumstance have become the key points to attract customer awareness and stimulate their buying needs.

31、 Frequently, customers buy goods just because they are cute, lovely and unique. With a less emphasis on functional utilities, the experience and imaginative space are placed into an increasingly important role. The image of product is emphasized, as well as the communication between products and consumers. “Customer behavior, which appears to be focused and directed at the object and at pleasure, in fact responds to quite different objectives: displaced expression of desire, and the production of a code of social values through the use of differential signs