英语八大时态.docx

1、英语八大时态英语八大时态 - 英语动词的时态 1一般此刻时 一般此刻时的形式 是以动词的原形表示的，当主语为第三人称单数时，做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其组成方式列表如下： 情形 组成 例词 一般情形 词尾加-s Reads, writes 以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I，再加-es Tries, carries 一般此刻时的功用 1. 表示一直发生的情形，常常发生的动作： Nurses look after patients in hospital

2、s. Excuse me, do you speak English? I get up at 8 oclock every morning. It often rains in summer in Beijing. 2. 表示客观事实或真理： Birds fly. The earth goes around the sun. 3 表示相貌特征2一般过去时 一般过去时是表示在说话时刻以前发生的动作或状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。 1) 一般过去时规则动词的组成形式： 规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: to work-worked 以字母e结尾的规则动词，只加-d: to l

3、ove-loved 对所有人称均无词形转变。 否定式均由did not + 动词原形组成 I / you / he / she / they / we did not work. 疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 组成 拼写注意： 情形 转变 例词 动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit-admitted 以y结尾的动词，在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变成 I ,加 - ed Carry -carriedHurry -hurried 以y 结尾的动词，在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Obey-obeyedEnjoy-e

4、njoyed 在英语当中有一部份动词的过去式转变形式是不规则的，这种动词被称为不规则动词。总数可能不过200多个，可是利用频率很高。主要分成三类： 1 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如： cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如： bet bet / betted bet / betted wed wed / wedded wed / wedded wet wet / wetted wet / wetted 2 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形

5、，如： bend bent bent bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gotten(AmE) lead led led 3 第三类不规则动词的原形、和都不相同，如： 原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung wake woke / waked woken / waked 另外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形

6、相同，如： come came come become became become run ran run 一般过去时的功用 1） 表示一个没指明具体时刻的过去的行动，如： He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时刻，可是此刻不在那里工作了)。 They once saw Deng Xiaopin. Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing? 2) 表示在过去特定的时刻结束的行动，如： When did you meet him? I met him yesterday. When we lived in P

7、hoenix, we studied at Arizona State University. Where have you been? Ive been to the opera. Did you enjoy it? 3) 表示过去的适应 He always carried an umbrella. They never drank wine. 3此刻完成时此刻完成时由to have 的此刻时+过去分词组成： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked? You have

8、 worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked? He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked? We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked? 紧缩形式 此刻完成时的功用 此刻完成时能够说成是兼

9、有此刻与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与此刻有紧密联系，如： -Oh,dear, Ive forgotten her name. 和现在的联系就是 I dont remember her name now. -Fort has gone to Canada. 和现在的联系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now. 1) 表示延续到此刻的动作 （有时是共计做了多少次等）。 How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film. She has seen it ei

10、ght times. Tom has lived in Now York all his life. 2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如： I havent seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了） This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了) 3) 表示过去的动作对此刻造成的影响，如： The window has broken. 4) 和最高级连用，表示到此刻为止是最的 What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive e

11、ver seen. Is it a thick book?-Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read. 5) 和句型 This is the first time, Its the first time 连用，如： This is the first time he has driven a car. (相当于 he has never driven a car before.) Is this the first time youve been in hospital? Professor Johnson has lost his passport

12、 again. Its the second time he has lost it. 6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如： Have you ever eaten French cheese? We have never had a private car. Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止) Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch. Dont forget to mail the letter, will

13、 you? Ive already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快) 7）与since 连用，since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用，表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”，它老是与完成时连用，如： She has been here since 6 oclock. He hasnt been himself since the accident. （那次事故后，他从未完全康复） Since I was a child I have lived in England. 一般过去时与此刻完成时的比较 1） 过去时仅仅表示过去，现在完成时还表示与现在的关系，如： He has los

14、t his key. He lost his key. 2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时 The Chinese invented printing. Shakespear wrote Hamlet. 3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间，就不能用现在完成时，如： Did you see the film on television last night? Tom lost his key yesterday. 询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时，如： Wha

15、t time did they arrive? When and where were you born? 比较： Have you see Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午) Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午) Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住 Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了 I have never played golf in my life. I didnt play golf when I was on hol

16、iday last summer. 4现在进行时 此刻进行时是由助动词to be 的此刻时 + 此刻分词组成： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I am are (she) is (you,they) are working. I am not are not (she) is not (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working? 现在分词的构成，是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意： 情况 变化 例词 动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加

17、ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing 动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping 动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Begin beginningAdmit admitting 以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying 现在进行时的

18、功用 1） 表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作 Please dont make so much noise, Im studying. Lets get out. It isnt raining any more. 2) 表示在此刻相对较长一段时刻内正在进行的动作，可是说话一刻不必然在做的动作 Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动作，在说话时并不一定在发生或进行，而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间

19、内发生、进行的。 3）表示最近的肯定的安排 Ann is coming tomorrow. Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? At 10:15. Are you meeting her at the station? I cant. Im working tomorrow morning. 以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候，用现在进行时态显得更加自然，除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如： Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will

20、 get married. 4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪，可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬，如： Tom is always going away for weekends. My husband is always doing homework. 有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作，一般不用于进行时。例如，我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有： want like hate know see hear believe understand seem think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean f

21、orget prefer have （拥有）belong To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受 Do you like Beijing? Do you see the rainbow? I remember him very well. I think I understand what he wants. 一般此刻时和此刻进行时的比较 一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情 现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情，如： Tom plays tennis every Sunday. Wheres Tom? -He is playing tenni

22、s. What do you do? 你是干什么工作的？ What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么？ 一般现在时是表示经久的情况，而现在进行时表示的是暂时的，如： My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years. Shes living with some friends until she can find an apartment. 过去进行时 过去进行时的组成形式为： I / he /she was We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词 过去进行时的功用 1） 表

23、示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作，如： When I rang him up, he was having dinner. This time last year I was living in Shanghai. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night? 2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用，表示在一个动作发生的过程中，发生了另一个动作，如： It was raining when I got up. I fell asleep when I was watching television. 3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的，而过

24、去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成，如： Tom was cooking the dinner. Tom cooked the dinner. 5现在完成进行时 其组成形式如下： I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下： 1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近方才结束的行动，如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，

25、如： It has been raining for two hours. (此刻还在下) Jack hasnt been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到此刻，能够包括此刻在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 此刻完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而此刻完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如： Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going

26、again now. Tom has repaired it. 6过去未来时 组成 一般过去未来时是由should/would + 动词原形组成的。 He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。 They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. 他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。 用法 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。 一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中 He said they wo

27、uld arrange a party. 他说他们将安排一个晚会。 I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. 我问他是否来帮我修电视机。 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态 If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。 过去未来时刻其他表达法 was/were g

28、oing to + 动词原形 He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired. 他说他退休后要住在农村。 They thought it was going to rain. 他们认为天要下雨了。 was/were + 动词-ing形式 Nobody knew whether the guests were coming. 没人知道客人们是否要来。 I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes. 我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了。 was/were +

29、动词不定式 She said she was to clean the classroom after school. 她说她放学后要打扫教室。 It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River. 据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥。 注意： was/were going to + 动词原形或was/were +动词不定式完成式可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。 Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上

30、星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成） I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before. 我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙） was/were about to do was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。 I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 was/were on the point of doing Im glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but youve saved me the trouble now. 很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。 提示： be about to do 和 be on the point of doing结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。 I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 我正要动身天突然下雨了。 7.一般未来时A. wil