高二英语必修一知识点过去分词做定语表语.docx

1、高二英语必修一知识点过去分词做定语表语高二英语必修一知识点：过去分词做定语表语1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。spokenEnglish=Englishwhichisspokenterrifiedpeople=thepeopl

2、ewhoareterrifiedanorganizedway=awaythatisorganizedaffectedarea灾区=theareawhichisaffectedstolenculturerelics=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolenthebookrecommendedbytheteacher=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacherprintedarticles=articlesthatareprinted1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定语2)JohnSno

3、wtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定语3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表语4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表语PastParticipleastheAttribute定语PastParticipleasthePredicative表语Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有许多落叶)Someofthem,bornandbroughtupin

4、ruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。pollutedwater=waterwhichispollutedreservedseats=theseatswhichwerereservedtrappedanimal=theanimalwhichwastrapped不及物动词的过去分词不表被动

5、，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。boiledwater=waterwhichhasboiledfallenleaves=theleaveswhichhavefallenrisensun=thesunwhichhasrisen过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他们中的一

6、些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的楼房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天会议上讨论的)wasverydifficulttosolve.Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那个顽皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.Thechildrenexaminedinthehospital

7、yesterday昨天在医院检查的)wereseriouslyill.Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在阳光下的)gotsunburnt.Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老师严厉惩罚的)isnowacollegestudent.Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所说的).Mostoftheartistsinvitedtot

8、heparty(被邀请去参加聚会的)werefromSouthAfrica.Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老师鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.Consolidation巩固1.Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstore

9、prices.2.Withalotofdifferentproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.3.Dontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage_tothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read2)作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动

10、词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。Thewindowisbroken.窗户碎了。Dontgetsoexcited.别这么激动。1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感觉流露

11、”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。HowdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplayTheygotveryexcited.HowdidBobdointheexamsthistimeWell,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.Hesquiteex

12、periencedinteachingbeginners.作表语练习：Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.1.Theroomsare_,soyoucantmovein.2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he_.3.Whathehasdoneisreally_.Nowhisparentsare_him.A.disappointing;disappointeda

13、tB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义.现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成.amovingmovie感人的电影amovedaudience被感动的观众boilingwater正在烧(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries反展中国家developedcountries发达国家fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet。