交际用语复习指导.docx

1、交际用语复习指导交际用语日常交际用语是大学英语B统考试题中的第一部分，目的是检测考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。该部分以选择题形式出题，包括5个小题，每题3分，共15分。一、解题技巧我们总结出下面的答题规律：1. 交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题，它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时，不是寻找错误，而是判断语言的使用是否规范。2. 熟悉各种情景的对话用语，这样可以在短时间内，判断对话发生的地点和场景。3. 要熟悉西方人日常的交际习惯，礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应该是西方文化中的习惯，而不是我们东方文化中，特别是我们自己生活中习惯了的交往方式。下面就向大家介绍交际用语中的几个

2、原则：A. 礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不刺耳，例如： Do you think I can use your car for one day? .A. Im afraid not. B. No, you cant.C. I wont let you do that. D. Absolutely not.解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选A。礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上：一种是委婉地回绝，上面例子“Im afraid not

3、”就是这种情况；另一种是先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意的意思。例如：I would like to，butThats a good idea，butB. 利他原则 在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向，例如： I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam? . A. No, you dont know B. I dont know. C. Yes, you

4、will. D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D，首先表示歉意，自己也不知道，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C. 文化遵从原则 在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如：Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? . A. Thank you very much B

5、. No, no, John is not bad C. Thank you. He is fine D. Dont say that. Its ugly. John is good解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等，反而就不礼貌了， 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样，所以选C。二、模拟试题讲解交际用语在统考试题中，考察题型主要可分为以下三类：询问类试题，约占该部分考题36.7%了； 看法类试题，约占该部分考题26.7%；功能类用语试题，约占该部分考题36.6%。在下面的讲解中，我们按照这种分类，先总结每

6、类交际用语的常用句型，然后列举典型示例（部分示例选自大学英语（B）六套模拟题中的相关交际用语试题）。三大类试题中各小类按在考试中出现的频率，从高到低排序进行讲解。（一） 询问类1、 请求允许及其应答A： 提出请求 May /Can /could I use (borrow/take/ask/see) ？(我可以用/借/问/看吗？)I wonder /I am wondering if? (不知道我能否？)Would you please？ (能请你吗？)Do you think ? (你是否认为？)B： 回答请求1 同意 Sure, go ahead./Certainly./Of course

7、. / By all means./ Yes, do please. / Here you are. / Help yourself. / No problem. (可以/当然/拿去/请便。) 拒绝 Im afraid (我恐怕)Im sorry, but (对不起，但是)Im sorry you cant. /Youd better not. (很抱歉，不行。/你最好别这样。)考点一：借东西及其应答典型例句：A： 问 May /Can /could I use (borrow) ？B： 答 （肯定）Sure, go ahead. / Here you are./ Help yourself.

8、 / No problem. / By all means. （否定）Im sorry, but【典型示例】1) Could I borrow your car for a few days? （大学英语（B）Test 3, 3） .A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on.C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey. D. It doesnt matter.2) I wonder if I could use your computer tonight? Im not using it right now. （大学英语

9、（B）Test 6, 1） A. Sure, go ahead. B. I dont know. C. It doesnt matter. D. Who cares 【实战练习】1. Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?或Could I use your dictionary for a moment? _.A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, go on C. Yes, help yourself D. It doesnt matter2. Could I borrow your English Dictionary

10、? _A. Thank you very much. B. No, I am not available. C. Im sorry. Its not at hand now. D. Its very kind of you. 3. May I borrow those magazines?_. You may keep them for two weeks.A. Of course not. B. By all means. C. Im afraid not. D. Its up to you. 4. Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few

11、hours? _A. Im afraid you can. B. Im sorry, but I really need it this afternoon. C. Yes, I dont think so. D. Ill think about it later. 5. I wonder if I could use your telephone. _A I wonder how. B I dont know. C Well, of course. D No wonder, here it is.6. Do you happen to have twenty dollars with you

12、? _ I want to buy a notebook.A. How do you want it? B. How much? C. What for? D. When can you pay me back? 答案：CCBBCC考点二：请求帮助及其应答典型例句：A： 问Can you help me with?/ Would you do me a favor/give me a helping hand? 同意 Sure./ Certainly./ Of course. / By all means./ No problem. (可以/当然。)B： 答 回绝 Im afraid (我恐怕

13、)Im sorry, but (对不起，但是)【典型示例】1) This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. （大学英语（B）Test 5, 5） _.A. You may ask for help. B Ill give you a hand.C. Please do me a favor. D. Id come to help.2) Could you help me with my physics, please? （大学英语（B）Test 3, 1） _.A. No, no way B. No, I couldnt C. No, I c

14、ant D. Sorry I cant. I have to go to a meeting right now.【实战练习】1. Ive just locked my keys in my room. What should I do now? _A. Sorry, I have no idea. B. Lets calm down and try to open it. C. Its not my business. D. Who is to blame? You are always careless. 2. I am planning to study abroad, and I wa

15、nt your advice. _A. You do not have to. B. You ask me? C. What can I do for you? D. It is unnecessary. 3. I cant catch up with the rest of the class. The subjects are difficult. _A. Oh, just give up. B. Dont worry. Ill help you. C. How stupid you are! D. Its a problem. 4. Can you help me? _A. No, I

16、dont know. B. Sure. What is it? C. Dont mention it. D. Thats it. 5. Could you take a photo of me with the lake as the background? _A. No, ask someone else. B. No way. C. By all means. D. Why should I? 6. Can you help me clear up the mess? _A. Yes, it doesnt matter. B. No, you dont need to worry. C.

17、Yes, help yourself. D. No problem. 7. Could you give me a helping hand? _ I want to clean my garage.A. Hows that. B. Sure. What can I do for you? C. Not at all. D Which one? 8. Would you do me a favor? _A. I would. B. Im not sure. C. With pleasure. D. What is the favor? 9. Sorry to trouble you. _A.

18、Its a pleasure. B. I dont think so. C. No, I dont mind at all. D. Excuse me. 答案：BCBBC DBCA考点三：重点句型Do / Would you mindA： 问 Do / Would you mind if I / my doing (你是否介意？) 同意 No，I dont mind./ Of course not. / Not at all. (不介意. /一点也不介意)B： 答 Please do./ Go ahead, please./ OK. (行，做吧。) 不同意 Yes, I do. (我介意)【典

19、型示例】1）Would you mind changing seats with me? （大学英语（B）Test 4, 9） A. Yes, you can. B. Of course, I like to. C. No, I dont mind. D. Certainly, please do.2）Do you mind my smoking here? （大学英语（B）Test 5, 3） A. No, thanks. B. Yes, I do. C. Yes, Id rather not. D. Good idea.【实战练习】1. Do you mind telling me whe

20、re youre from? _.A. Certainly. Im from London B. Sure. I was born in LondonC. Not really, you can do it D. Certainly not. Im from London2. Do you mind if I join you? _ A. Im very happy to do so B. Never mind C. Please do D. Oh, I cant3. Do you mind if I take a couple of hours off this afternoon? _ A

21、. Never mind B. OK, but what for? C. Yes, please help yourself D. Yes, but I dont care4. Would you mind lending me your car tonight? _ I have to study anyway, so I wont be using it.A. Im afraid not. B. I suppose so. C. Well, I guess not. D. Of course not. 5. Excuse me, sir. Im writing a research pap

22、er on Chinese culture. Do you mind answering a few questions? _A. Certainly. B. No, of course not. C. By all means. D. Yes, please. 6. Would you mind helping me with the presentation? _A. Yes. Please. B. No. I cant do it. C. Not at all. D. You cant do.7. Would you mind if I borrowed your dictionary?

23、 _A Yes, I dont mind. B. Not at all. C. Certainly. D. Of course. 8. Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table? A. Good news for you B. Go ahead, please C. Yes, sure D. No, I cant答案：DCBDB CBB考点四：其他请求【典型示例】Could you be so kind as to turn down that rock “n” roll? Im preparing for tomorrows exam.

24、 _ （大学英语（B）Test 5, 9）A. Its none of your business. B. What are you doing?C. Sure. Sorry to disturb you. D. No, I dont think so.【实战练习】1. Can you turn down the radio, please? _A. Oh, I know B. Im sorry, I didnt realize it was that loud.C. Ill keep it down next time D. Please forgive me2. Sorry to inte

25、rrupt, but can you give me another copy of the handout? _ A. No, of course not B. Certainly C. Im sorry to hear that D. By no means, but its impossible3. Would you please show me your bankbook? _A. Sorry, I have no idea. B. Here you are. C. Come with me. D. Yes, Id like to. 4. Excuse me. Could you s

26、pare me a few minutes? _A. Of course. B. Of course not. C. I am sorry to hear that. D. Yes. Im busy now. 5. Can I ask you a few questions? _A. What do you do? B. Its a good idea. C. No, thanks. D. Certainly. 6. Id like to open a current account. _A. Please jump the queue. B. Please open an account.

27、C. Please fill out these forms. D. You are slow. 7. - Hello, may I talk to the manager about the price? - _ A. Sorry, he is out at the moment B. No, you cantC. Sorry, you cant D. I dont know答案：BBBAD CA2、 邀请与应答A： 提出邀请 Would you like to ？Will /Can you come to ？ (你能来参加吗?)Id like to invite you to . (我想邀

28、请你)B： 回答邀请 同意 Yes / thank you, Id love to. (谢谢，我愿意。)Yes, its very kind of you. (愿意，你太好了。) That would be very nice. (那太好了。) 回绝Thanks/Sorry，I (非常感谢/抱歉，我)Id like to but/ Id love to but (我很愿意去，但是)【典型示例】1）Can you go to the concert with us this evening? （大学英语（B）Test 4, 2） A. No, I already have plans. B. I

29、d love to, but Im busy tonight.C. No, I really dont like being with you. D. Im ill, so I shouldnt go out.2） Oh, Betty, we will be having a buffet party next Saturday, and wed like you to join us. _, Susan. Whats the occasion? What time do you want to me to come? （大学英语（B）Test 5, 7） A. Id love to B. No way C. By no means D. Im afraid not.3) We are going to have a sing party tonight. Would you like to join u