山东临沂中考英语解析.docx

1、山东临沂中考英语解析2019年临沂市初中学业水平考试试题英语第I卷(选择题共55分)一、听力测试(共15小题，计15分)注意:听力测试分四部分，共20小题。做题时，请先将答案画在试卷上,录音内容结束后，将所选答案转涂到答题卡上。(一) (2019山东临沂)听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。(二) (2019山东临沂)听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。6. A. To do business. B. To visit her friends. C. To study medicine.7. A. Sallys. B. Alans. C. Dannys

2、.8. A. Some chicken. B. Some sandwiches. C. Some fish.9. A. He will go to the park. B. He will prepare for a party. C. He will take an exam.10. A. At home. B. On the playground. C. In the library. (三) (2019山东临沂)听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。11. Helen Thayer was

3、 the first woman who walked to the North Pole (北极) alone.12. Helen was born in the United States.13. Helen had a dream to walk to the North Pole alone when she was forty.14. On her journey, Helen walked 345 miles in freezing weather conditions.15. Once, seven polar bears (北极熊) wanted to eat Helen. L

4、uckily, she saved herself.请考生们翻到第7页,先找到第四大题。你们将有5秒钟的准备时间。【答案】【听力材料】二、单项填空(共15小题，计15分)选择最佳答案。16. (2019山东临沂) Berlin is_ capital of Germany.A./ B. a C. the16. C 考查冠词用法。句意：柏林是德国的首都。根据句意可知表示特指“德国的首都”。故选C。17. (2019山东临沂)In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water_ about 570 mi

5、llion children.A. with B. for C. towards17. B 考查介词的用法。句意：在世界上，超过30%的学校没有为大约5.7亿儿童提供安全的饮用水。固定搭配provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”。故选B。18. (2019山东临沂)If I leave my house at 9 oclock and drive to the airport, Ill arrive at about 11. So its about two_ drive from my house to the airport.A. hours B. hours C.

6、hours18. A 考查名词所有格。句意：如果我9点离开家开车去机场，我将在11点左右到达。所以从我家到机场大约有两个小时的车程。 基数词two后用名词复数，故填hours，此处指“两个小时的车程”，用名词所有格，故在hours后加“”。故选A。19. (2019山东临沂)Im getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?Of course! There_ a restaurant around the corner.A. will be B. was C. is19. C考查there be句型。句意：我饿了。你知

7、道我们在哪里可以买到好食物吗?当然有!拐角处有一家餐馆。 根据上文语境可知用一般现在时，而there be结构中，be动词与后面相邻的主语保持数的一致，本句主语为a restaurant，为单数，故选C。20. (2019山东临沂)A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars,_ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. although B. because C. if20. A考查连词

8、的用法。句意：最近的一项调查显示，44%的美国人希望使用自动驾驶汽车，尽管34%的人认为这将使道路更加危险。although“尽管；虽然”；because“因为”；if“如果”。由句意可知前后句表示让步关系，故选A。21. (2019山东临沂)Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉). And it requires _to spend time with others. This is good for our health too.A. ours B. us C. we21. B考查人称代词的用法。句意：网球可以锻炼我们的肌肉。它需要我们花时间

9、和别人在一起。这对我们的健康也有好处。动词require后跟人称代词宾格作宾语，故选B。22. (2019山东临沂)Ants are pretty small. You might think that they _be rather weak. But what you might not know is that ants are actually very strong for their size.A. need B. cant C. must22. C考查情态动词。句意：蚂蚁非常小。你可能认为他们一定很弱小。但你可能不知道的是，就蚂蚁的体型而言，它们实际上非常强壮。must表示肯定推

10、测，意为“一定”；cant表示否定推测，意为“不可能”，故选C。23. (2019山东临沂)Left-behind children _see their parents, because their parents work in the cities, leaving them behind in the countryside to be cared for by their grandparents.A. always B. hardly ever C. often23. B 句意：留守儿童很少见到他们的父母，因为他们的父母在城市工作，把他们留在农村由他们的祖父母照顾。always“总

11、是”；hardly ever“几乎不”；often“经常”。根据“他们的父母在城市里工作”可推知，他们几乎见不到他们的父母。故选B。24. (2019山东临沂) Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic_ each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.A. is created B. was created C. creates24. A考查动词的语态。句意：全球每年制造出3亿吨塑料，其中约10%最终流入大海。根据句意和句式结构可知，主语300 million tons of p

12、lastic和谓语动词create之间是被动关系，由时间状语each year可知用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。25. (2019山东临沂) Roy works in London. It_ him about half an hour to get to work by bus every day.A costs B. spends C. takes25. C 考查动词辨析。句意：罗伊在伦敦工作。他每天乘公共汽车去上班大约需要半个小时。固定句型It takes time to do sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故选C。26. (2019山东临沂) Cathy sold some of

13、her things in a yard sale and_ the money to a childrens home.A. gave away B. gave up c. gave out26. A考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯茜在一次庭院拍卖会上卖掉了她的一些东西，把钱捐给了一个儿童之家。give away捐赠；give up放弃；give out分发。根据句意“卖掉东西”和“儿童之家”可知是“捐赠”。故选A。27. (2019山东临沂)Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _at a sp

14、eed of 32 cm every 10 years.A. rose B. have risen C. rise27. B 考查动词时态。句意：融化的冰会导致海平面上升。自1993年以来，海平面每10年以32厘米的速度上升。根据时间状语since 1993可知谓语动词用现在完成时。28. (2019山东临沂)A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it_ helps with students health, _improves

15、their social skills.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also28. C 考查连词辨析。句意：课间休息是学生们做运动和与同学交谈的好时间。因此，它不仅有助于学生的健康，而且提高他们的社交技能。eitheror “或者或者”；neithernor “既不也不”；not onlybut also “不但而且”。根据句意“有助于学生的健康”和“提高他们的社交技能”可知表示“不但而且”，故选C。29. (2019山东临沂) Peppa Pig (小猪佩奇) is a British cartoon _has been po

16、pular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.A. who B. which C./29. B 考查定语从句。句意：小猪佩奇是一部英国卡通片，在中国很受欢迎，深受小孩子和他们的父母的喜爱。根据句意和句式结构可知本句为定语从句，定语从句的先行词为cartoon，指物，用which或that，在定语从句中作主语，故不能省略。30. (2019山东临沂) Are babies carefree (无忧无虑)? A new study from the US says that 2-year-old babi

17、es care about_. A. how others saw them B. how do others see them C. how others see them 30. C考查宾语从句。 句意：婴儿无忧无虑吗? 美国的一项新研究表明，两岁的婴儿很在意别人怎么看他们。根据句子结构可知是宾语从句，用陈述语序，结合句意可知宾语从句用一般现在时。故选C。三、阅读理解。(共25小题，计25分)A(2019山东临沂)Do you often listen to music at loud volumes (音量)? You should know that this habit is bad

18、 for your hearing. Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because oflistening to loud noise for long periods of time. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loudvolumes can harm your hearing. The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen

19、to sounds that are louder than 85 dB (分贝) for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB. Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear. Most of us are born with about 16,000 hair cells (听毛细胞) in our inner ears. These ce

20、lls notice sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss. Once this happens, its hard to get your hearing back. Some people might think that their music isnt all that loud. But this can depe

21、nd on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you might feel uncomfortable The safe level for most sound is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a

22、week. A level of 80 dB isabout equal to (相当于) the noise of a subway. Here is some advice on safe listening. Over-the-ear headphones (头戴式耳机) are better than in-ear ones. They do a better job of stopping outside noise, so you can listen at a lower volume. Dont listen to loud music on your headphones f

23、or a long time. Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes a day. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。31. It is safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes32. Listening to loud noise for a long time can

24、cause some hair cells in the inner ear to die.33. From the fourth paragraph, we know people dont always realize how loud their music is.34. In-ear headphones are better than over-the-ear ones because they can stop more outside noise.35. This article mainly tells us why ears are an important part of

25、our bodies.体裁说明文话题(77)科普知识词数364【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了超过85分贝的声音，对人听力的损害并提出安全倾听的建议。31. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.可知，听85分贝以上的声音8小时或100分贝以上的声音15分钟是不安全的。故表述与原文不符。32. A细节理解题。根据第三段第四句 However, listening to loud noise

26、 for a long time can make these cells work too hard, and cause some of them to die.可知，然而，长时间听太大的噪音会使这些细胞工作过度，导致一些细胞死亡。故表述与原文相符。33. A细节理解题。根据第四段第四句For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it.可知，例如，如果你在像地铁这样嘈杂的地方，你可能会把音乐开得太大而没有意识

27、到。故表述与原文表述相符。34. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句Over-the-ear headphones are better than in-ear ones. 可知，戴在耳朵外面的耳机比戴在耳朵里的好。故本句表述与原文不符。35. B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了高音对人们听力损害以及给人们的一些建议。故表述与原文不符。B (2019山东临沂) Do you want to improve your physics and chemistry grades? Well, maybe you should first learn something about the struggl

28、es (奋斗) of great scientists. The American Psychological Association did an interesting study. More than 400 students from schools in New York City took part in it. The students were divided into three groups. Group 1 read a typical textbook that describes the achievements of great scientists. Group

29、2 read about those scientists personal struggles. For example, as a Jew, Einstein (爱因斯坦) ran away from Nazi Germany to avoid persecution (迫害). The last group read about the scientists intellectual struggles, such as Marie Curies failed scientific tests. These stories about struggles also told studen

30、ts how the scientists dealt with these obstacles (障碍) . The students took a science exam before the study. After the six-week study, they took another. Scientists found those in Groups 2 and 3 improved their science grades. Students in Group 1 didnt see a grade increase. Some of them even had lower

31、grades after the study. The study was led by Xiaodong Lin-Siegler, a teacher at Columbia University. According to Xiaodong, kids often think Einstein was truly intelligent. They believe they will never match him.Many of them fail to realize that any success requires a long journey. Along the way, there are many failures (失败) . Students who read the struggle stories more probably said that great scientists were like themselves. The great minds also had to overcome obstacles to achieve success. Xiaodong says todays science textbooks fail to bring science to life. As a result, stu