语言学复习试题集锦docx.docx

1、语言学复习试题集锦docx英语语言学复习I. Matching.（连线题）1. functional shift： It refers to the change of words from one part of speech to anothe r.2. morphology： It refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.3. displacement： It means that language can communicate abo

2、ut things that are absent: real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future.4. antonymy： It is a standard technical term used for oppositeness of meaning between lexemes：5. acoustic phonetics： It studies the physical properties of speech sounds, as transmitted between mouth and ear.6. genera

3、lization： It is defined as the use of previously available strategies in new situations.7. culture： It refers to the patterns of customs, traditions, social habits, values and beliefs of a society.8. Received Pronunciation： It refers to the particular way of pronouncing standard English.9. acronym：

4、It refers to the word derived from the initials of several words.10. homonymy： It refers to the case that two, or more meanings may be associated with the same linguistic form.11. interference： It can be defined as the use of elements from one language while speaking another.12. distinctive features

5、： The features that a phoneme has and that distinguish it from other phonemes.13. articulatory phonetics： It studies the human speech organs and the way in which the speech are produced.14. duality： It refers to the fact that in all languages, there are two levels of structure: higher level of meani

6、ngful units and lower level of sounds.15. polysemy： It refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.16 blending： It refers to the combination of parts of other words.17. backIt refers to the word coined from already existing words by subtracting an affix thought t

7、o be part of the old word.18. social-class dialect： It refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.19. regional dialect： It refers to the linguistic variety used by people living in a particular place.20. cultural transmission： It means that language is passed on fro

8、m one generation to the next by teaching and learning.21. Componential Analysis: It refers to an approach adopted by structural semanticists in describing the meaning of words and phrases.22. suprasegmental features： The features that are larger than the segment-phoneme, such as stress, tone, and in

9、tonation.23. bound morpheme： It refers to the morpheme that cannot stand by itself as a word.24. hyponymy： It refers to a paradigmatic relation between a more specific lexeme and a more general lexeme.25. dipping： It refers to the abbreviation of longer words or phrases.26. psycholinguistics: the st

10、udy of the relationship between language and the mind27. morpheme： minimal unit of meaning.28. syntax： the study of word arrangements.29. naming： in semantics, the relationship between words and things.30. conversational implicature： Grices term referring to the indirect meanings of a speaker.II. Bl

11、ank-filling (填空题)1. A phoneme is a unit of distinctive value.2. The phones that can represent a phoneme are called it，s allophones,3- The morphemes which occur only after other morphemes are called suffixes4. The morphemes which may appear with at least one other morpheme and which cannot stand by t

12、hemselves are called bound morphemes.5. Any actual utterances a speaker makes in a particular situation are referred to as a person，s performance,6- Phrase structure rules are also called rewrite rules.7. Antonymy is a standard technical term used for oppositeness of meaning between lexemes.8. Argum

13、ent and predicate are constituents of the predication.9. Searl emphasizes the distinction and the relatedness between the proposition content and illocutionary act of an utterance.10. Suppose the speaker says “It，s cold in here Its perlocutionary act can be the hearers shutting the window.11. A blen

14、d is a word formed by combining parts of other words.12. Acronyms are words derived from the initials of several words.13. The standard dialect is a particular variety of a language.14. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic repertoire (or repertor

15、y).15. English speaking people, unlike Chinese, will accept compliments by giving a positive response like: Thank you”.16. Terms such as “uncle, aunt, grandpa, granny are kinship terms.17. Whether or not a child will speak a foreign language with an accent depends largely upon the age at which he le

16、arns the second language.18. Around the age of puberty, the child loses his ability to learn a second language without an accent.19 The striking resemblance between first and second language acquisition is overgeneralization.20. The child forms his own rule in a systematic way as he teaches himself

17、his mother tongue.21. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.22. A diachronic study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time

18、.23. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called duality.24. The articulatory apparatus

19、of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the nasal cavity.25 The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called lateralization,26. Suprase父mental features such as stress, tone and intonati

20、on can influence the interpretation of meaning.27. Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both28 In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called th

21、e speech community.29. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.30 Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is articulatory phonetics.31. Morphology is a branch of linguistics which studies the inte

22、rnal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.32. Sense is connected with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.33. A locutionaH act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.34 An abbr

23、eviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase which represents the complete form35 Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the grammatical system of language.36. Sociolinguistics is concerned with the diversity of language as it relates to various sociological factors.37. The four so

24、unds p, b, m and w have one feature in common, i.eM they are all bilabial.38 The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning, they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.39. Constati

25、ves were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.40 A speech community is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language.41. Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called neurons.42. Because

26、of their resemblance to the style of language found in telegrams, utterances at the multiword stage are often referred to as telegraphic speech.43. In English there are a number of diphthongs, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.44 According

27、to its position in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.45. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.46. The same one word may have more than one meaning, this is what we call polysemy.47. Commissives are those illocutiona

28、ry acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.48 The most important part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain called the cerebral cortex.49. In learning a second language, a learner will subconsciously use his LI knowledge. This process is called language t

29、ransfer.50 Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.51. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate52. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.53. The brain is divided into two ro

30、ughly symmetrical halves called hemispheres, one on the right and one on the left.54. Language is productive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.55. Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.56. Directives are a

31、ttempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something.57. The history of English expansion is one that is characterized with heavy borrowing and word formation.58. A pidgin typically lacks inflectional morphemes, such as nouns with no ending to indicate plurality.59. The basic essentials of the f

32、irst language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the critical period for first language acquisition.60. Negative transfer, a process more commonly known as interference, was once believed to be the major source of difficulties experienced and errors made by L2 learners.61. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what displacement means.62. Hyponymy refers to the