5 中考英语复习 形容词.docx

1、5 中考英语复习 形容词第5讲 形容词和副词一、形容词1、形容词在句子中的位置：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometers away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)注意： 用形容词表示类别和整体。某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living

2、，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。2、有关形容词的用法辨析： whole与all：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。如：He was bu

3、sy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上) real与

4、true：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and its very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / -Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听) interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interestin

5、g and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣) such用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident

6、 that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记) good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上) / -How are you?I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。) nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Le

7、ts go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气！) /Hes fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错) too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear

8、.(那件大衣太贵了) quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)lonely与a

9、lone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易) other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、litt

10、le、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？) / This is nobody elses money. Its mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？ special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,

11、两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) / These are special chairs for small children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子) gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My

12、 fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is missing.Whos taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) / For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站) living、a

13、live、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living读liviN有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live读laiv,指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；alive读laiv作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively读laivli有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。例如：A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) / We

14、 have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她还活着吗？) / They are the happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼) / A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱) / He gave a lively description of the foo

15、tball match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛) sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱) the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们)等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示

16、一类人物,复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)3、用形容词表示类别和整体。某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。4、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词

17、的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。【考例】-Oh my god, too _work makes me tired. 太原市A. little B. many C. much答案C。解析本题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有“小的”或“几乎没有”等意思。many与much都有“多”的意思，但many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词，故应选C。Carl felt

18、_because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. 安徽省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”，应选proud。I feel _to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. 太原市A. luckily B. happy C. sorry答案B。解析本题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel“觉得”其后可接

19、形容词作表语，A项为副词，故排除；B、C虽然都是形容词，但意义相反，根据后句推断选B。Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest_ writersHe is still_.镇江A1iving；alive B1iving；1iving Calive；living Dalive；alive答案：A解析：alive作表语或后置定语，指“有生命的，活的，还出着气的”；living指“健在的，现行的，现代的”，可作表语，也可作定语。句意为“金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一，他仍然活着”，故选A。Li Leis words made her_.济南 Ahappily

20、 Bangrily Ccrying Dangry答案：D解析：本题考查make后跟形容词作宾语补足语的用法。选项中只有angry为形容词，故选D。【考例】Nothing in the world is _if you put your heart into it. 昆明A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary答案A。解析考查几个重要的形容词的含义。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，后句给出的条件是“如果你把你的整个心思放进去”，那么可以很容易判断在世界上没有什么是“不可能的”，其余三项“重要的、有趣的、必须的”都与句子意思不符

21、。-Would you like to go and see a film?-Sure; the TV programmers are too_.南京A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring答案D。解析考查形容词。根据语境应选boring意为“枯燥的”。Why are you so_?Because our pingpong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship福州Aexcited Bexciting Cbored Dboring答案：A解析：由题意“我们的乒乓球运动员王励勤

22、获胜”，故选A或B。exciting“令人兴奋的”，往往修饰物事；excited指人兴奋，故选A。二、副词用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、有关副词的重要注释： asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as po

23、ssible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。) 注释 “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) later、after、ago、before的用法：“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之

24、前”,此时两个词是介词。ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。) above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处

25、用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。 too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/ He is not ha

26、ppy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。) enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后；too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(“非常”)放在

27、动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/ I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果) 注意 very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or

28、 you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/ I dont like him much.(我不太喜欢他) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here

29、 some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。) how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！) already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it alrea

30、dy?(你已经做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。) hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰) like.very much、like.better(=prefer)、like.best的用法

31、：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住：quite/such/what.+a+形容词+名词;too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子) how 的几个短语：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态； how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？)/ H