小学英语必须掌握地几种时态详细整理版.docx

1、小学英语必须掌握地几种时态详细整理版小学生必须掌握的5种时态（详细整理版）1、一般现在时2、现在进行时3、一般将来时的用法4、一般过去时5、现在完成时一般现在时标志词：always( 总是) usually( 通常 ) often( 经常) sometimes( 有时 ) never( 从不) every( 每一) 行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称（第一人称：I, we ；第二人称：you ；第三人称复数：they 、my friends ）动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时，一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律：1、多数在动词后加 s play plays

2、likelikes , 2、以 s，x，sh，ch，o 结尾的动词加 es wash washes catch catches do does 3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾，把 y 改 i 再加 es flyflies study studies 4、以元音字母加 y 结尾，直接加 s buy buys 5、不规则变化 havehas 一般现在时基本用法功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth go

3、es around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。The earth is round. 构成1. be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+ 其它。 如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语 +行为动词 (+ 其它)。 如：We study English. 我们学习英语。句型肯定句： A.be 动词：主语 + be + 其它成分 He is a worker. B.行为动词：主语 +动词(注意人称变化 ) + 其它成分 We like the little cat. 否定句： A.be 动词：主语 + be + not + 其它成分 They are not

4、students. B.行为动词：主语 +助动词 (do/does) + not + 动词原形 +其它成分We dont like the little cat. 一般疑问句： A.be 动词： Am / Is /Are + 主语 + 其它成分Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t. B.行为动词：助动词 (Do/Does)+ 主语+动词原形 + 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No.

5、 I don t . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesn t.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句A.be 动词： How many students are there in your school? B.行为动词： What do you usually do on Sunday? 一般现在时动词 be 和 have 的变化形式1.动词 Be 叫连系动词 , 用法：第一人称单数用 am ，第三人称单数用 is，其它人称用 are。2.动词 have 的用法：第三人称单数用 has 以外，其它人称一律用

6、 have。如: 注意事项 1.在英国，人们常用 have got 代替 have，特别在疑问句和否定句中。2.当 have 如果不表示 “有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词 do, does 如： I have a new pen . 否：I have not a new pen. ( 表示有) I have lunch at 12 o clock. 否：I don t have lunch at 12 oclock. ( 表示吃 ) “be going to+ 动词原形（打算 ）”=”will+ 动词原形（将，会 ）”I m going to study tomorrow. I w

7、ill study tomorrow. （be going to 着重于事先考虑好 will 未事先考虑好） -一般不用考虑肯定句：主语 + be (am, are, is) going to + 主语 + will + 动词原形动词原形 . 否定句：主语 + be (am, are, is) not going to + 主语 + wont + 动词原形 . 动词原形 . 一般疑问句： Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 ? Will + 主语 + 动词原形 ? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？注意： will 常简略为 ll，并与主语连写在一

8、起，如： Ill ，hell ，itll ，well ， youll ，theyll 。一般过去时标志词： yesterday( 昨天 ), last ( 上一个 ), this morning （今天早上）， ago( 以前), before ( 在, 之前 ), in 2002( 在 2002 年) 等用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加 -ed 如：watch-watched, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d 如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅

9、音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如： stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed ，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give- gave句型：1、Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 变为 was。 否定（ was not=wasn t） are 变为 were 。 否定（ were not=weren t）否定句：在 was 或 were 后加 not 一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 调到句首

10、。2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化否定句： didn t + 动词原形 如：Jim didn t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加 Did ，句子中的动词过去式变回原形 如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：（ 1）疑问词 +did+ 主语+动词原形？ 如: What did Jim do yesterday? （2）疑问词当主语时： 疑问词 +动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday? 现在完成时 : 用法 1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词： already, yet,

11、 just, ever, never, before 用法 2：表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词： for, since, since ago基本结构：助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词 (当主语是第三人称单数时用 has, 其余人称用 have) 1）肯定式：主语+ have / has + 过去分词2）否定式：主语+ have / has + not + 过去分词3）一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 Yes, 主语 + have/has.( 肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.( 否定) 4）特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 +h

12、ave/has+ 主语+过去分词例句1.过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。如：1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）2）He has already come 他已经来了。（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。）2.表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。如：1）I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。（六年前开始学英语， 一直学到现在 , 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。 ）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 199

13、0. 我从 1990 年就在住。（从 1990 年开始住在一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。）注意 1) 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用 for 或 since 引导的状语。例如： I ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经 4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从 8 年前我就在这工作。注意 2) 当在肯定述句中含有 already 或 just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的 already 或 just 去掉，在句末加上 yet. 。例如：I have already seen the film

14、. - I haven t seen the film yet. He has just come. He hasn t come yet?使用时注意事项1.“have/ has got ”形 式上是一种完成时， 但和 have/ has 为同一意思 “有”。如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have. 你有笔友吗？是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn t. 他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。2.have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和 have/has been i

15、n 的区别have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了 have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过。 He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在 10 年了。 Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去了吗？3.have/ has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 连用； have/ has gone to 则不可。例如

16、: Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？ Yes, he s been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。 Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？ Theyve gone to Sheny ang. 他们去了。4非延续性动词不能用 “现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语 ”的句型中。这类动词有： come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。例如： arrive,

17、come be here, be in buy have begin, start be on ； die be dead finish, end be over go out be out join be in borrowkeep finish/end be over close be closed leave, move be away； fall asleep be asleep 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，用形容词或副词的最高级。比较级二者比较，标志词： than 最高级三者以上比较，

18、标志词： the 谈论天气 “ Its going to rain. ”说到时间 “Its time to go to school. ” 距离远近 “Its far to get there. 情况程度” “Its hard to learn. ”连词的用法一、并列连词：1.and 连接单词 My brother and I study in the same school. 连接短语 Our knowledge may come from the books and from practice. 连接句子 We are singing and they are dancing. 2.but

19、 但是/ 而是 I have a pen but no pencil. or 或者Will you go there by bus or on foot? 3.nothing but 除了，只有I did nothing but watch it. 4.or 表示否则 Hurry up or you will be late. 5.for 表示因为He is good at math for he studies harder than others. 6.still 表示后句概念由前句转折而来The weather is very cold, still we needn t wear mo

20、re clothes. 7.not only , but also 不仅, 而且 可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子主语并列时，谓语要就近一致 Not only he but also I am a teacher. 8.as well as 以及，同样 并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化 He works as well as he can 9.either , or 既, 又, ，或, 或, 并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 Either come in or go out. 10.neither , nor 既不, 也不 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致 Neit

21、her you nor he speaks French. 12.both , and 和，既 , 也 并列主、谓、宾及表语I can play both football and basketball. 13.nor 也不，引导句子要倒 装 He can not speak English, nor can I. You like apples, so do I. 二、从属连词：1. after 表示“时间”，在 , 之后After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory. 2.although/though 表示让步，

22、 “尽管” Although she is young, she knows a lot. 3.as 表示时间，“当 , 时”，方式“象 , ”，原因，“由于、因为”让步， “尽管、虽然”As it was late, we must go now. 4.as if/as though 表方式，“似乎、好像”He told is such a story as though he had beenthere before. 5.as long as/so long as 表条件，“只要” As long as I am free, I ll go to help you. 6.as soon

23、as 表时间，“一, 就, ” I will phone you as soon as I come back. 7.because 表原因，“因为” I have to stay in bed because I am ill. 8.before 表时间，“在 , 之前“ You should think more before you do it. 9.even if/ even though 表让步，“即使” You should try again even if you failed. 10.hardly , when 表时间，“（刚）一,就” Hardly I entered th

24、e gate when the bell rang. 11.if “假如”，引导条件状语从句 What should I do net if the rain doesn t stop? “是否”，引导宾语从句 I don t know if he comes back or not. 12.In case 表目的，“以防，以免” You should be more careful in case there is a fire. 13.In order that 表目的，“为了，以便”We study hard in order that we ca n pass the exam. 14

25、.no matter +疑问词d try your best. 表让步，“无论，不管”No matter what you do, you shoul15.no sooner , than 表时间，“刚一 , 就, ”No sooner had I come home than it began to rain. 16.now that 表原因，“既然，因为，由于”Now that you are on duty,you should clean the classroom. 17.once 表时间，“一旦 , ” Once you promise , you should do it. 三、

26、其他1.since 表时间，“自从 , 以来” He has been in this company since he left school. 表原因，“既然，由于” Since the job is dangerous, let s do it more carefully. 2.so far as/as far as 表条件，“就 , 而言，就 , 而论”As far as I know, it is easy for youto speak in English. 3.so that 表目的“以便”Speak loud so that everybody can hear clear

27、ly. 表结果“如此 ,以致”He got up so late that he missed the bus. 4.than 表示比较，“比”Things were worse than we thought. 5.that 无词义，引导名词性从句 It is dangerous that we walk on the thin ice. 引导定语从句和状语从句 She hurried that she might not be late for work. 6.unless 表条件，“除非，如果不” I will go to the zoo unless it rains. 7.Until

28、/till 表时间，“直到 , 为止” Ill wait till he comes back. 8.when 表时间，“当 , 时“ When they got there, the train has left. 9.whether “是否”引导名词性从句 Whether he can some to see us is unknown. 表让步，“不管 / 无论、是否” Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy. 10.while 表时间，“当,时” While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall. 表让步，“尽管，既然” While I find the problems very difficult, I don t think them insoluble. 11.whenever 表时间，“无论什么时候” Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.