愤怒的葡萄Word格式文档下载.docx

1、The topic researched in the thesis is the symbolism and biblical allusions of grapes in The Grapes of Wrath. Taking the Joad family as a representative, the novel vividly describes a miserable journey that Oklahoman farmers are forced to migrate to California due to severe drought and cruel oppressi

2、on of bankers. As a novel factually reflecting tragic circumstance of American laboring people during the Great Depression in 1930s, The Grapes of Wrath leaves a great impact on the American society and encourages the Americans to inspect their history again and to seriously deliberate their situati

3、ons during the Great Depression.Except the practical significance, The Grapes of Wrath is of very high artistic value. The application of the symbolism, as an outstanding feature, penetrates through the whole novel. Therefore, the author tries to systematically and deeply interpret the symbolism and

4、 the biblical allusions of the grapes in The Grapes of Wrath in the thesis. The thesis will be divided into five parts. First of all, the author simply introduces life stories and works of John Steinbeck and summarizes the historical background and the main content of the novel. Secondly, the author

5、 reviews the current research status of the novel at home and abroad and introduces theoretical basis of the research. Then, the symbolism and the biblical allusions of the grapes in The Grapes of Wrath are introduced in details. In the following, scenery symbols and scene symbols which are applied

6、in The Grapes of Wrath as well as the importance significance conveyed in the novel are analyzed particularly. The thesis points out that a spirit journey which changes from individuals to groups and from numbness to consciousness of the migrants is the theme highlighted in the novel. Finally, a con

7、clusion is drawn in the thesis. The application of the symbolism is full of excellent artistic value and exerts an important effect on deepening the theme. All in all, the theme that the spirit journey of the migrants is changed is fully highlighted and emphasized by applying the meaningful scenery

8、symbols and the scene symbols as well as the allusive character symbols, so that the meaning of the novel is more profound and the influence of the novel is more everlasting.Key words: The Grapes of Wrath; grapes; symbolism; biblical allusions摘要本论文要研究的课题是愤怒的葡萄中“葡萄”的象征意义与圣经典故。愤怒的葡萄以约德一家为代表，描述了俄克拉荷马州的

9、农民由于严重的干旱以及银行家的残酷压迫，被迫迁移到加利福尼亚州的艰难旅程。作为一部真实反映二十世纪三十年代经济大萧条时期美国劳动人民悲惨境遇的小说，愤怒的葡萄对当时的美国社会产生了巨大的影响，它促使美国人民重新审视自己的历史并认真思考自己在经济大萧条时期的处境。除了现实意义之外，愤怒的葡萄也具有很高的艺术价值，其中象征手法的运用作为一个突出特征贯穿整部小说。因此，本文试图对愤怒的葡萄中“葡萄”的象征意义和其中的圣经典故进行系统和深入的解读。本论文将分为五个部分：首先，本文简要介绍了约翰斯坦贝克的生平及其作品并对愤怒的葡萄这部小说的历史背景及主要内容进行概述。接着，本文总体回顾了国内外关于这部小

10、说的研究现状并介绍了本研究的理论基础。然后,本文具体介绍了葡萄的象征意义和愤怒的葡萄中运用的圣经典故。之后，本文具体分析了愤怒的葡萄中所运用的景物象征和场景象征以及它们在传达小说主题中的重要意义。本文指出移民工人从个人到集体，从麻木、消极到觉悟、反抗的精神转变之旅是小说所要突出的主题。最后，本文得出结论，在愤怒的葡萄这部小说中，象征手法的运用充满了高超的艺术价值，同时它在深化主题中也起到了重要的作用。总体來说，通过运用各种极具深层含义的景物象征和场景象征以及暗指的人物象征，移民工人的精神转变之旅这一主题得到了突出和强调，进而也使得该小说的意义更加深刻，影响更加持久。关键词:愤怒的葡萄，葡萄，象

11、征意义，圣经典故ContentsThe Symbolism and Biblical Allusions of Grapes in The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄中“葡萄”的象征意义与圣经典故1 Introduction1.1 A brief introduction of John SteinbeckJohn Earnest Steinbeck was one of the most significant American writers in the 20th century. He was born on February 27, 1902 in California

12、 and died on December 20, 1968 in New York. He attended Stanford University intermittently between 1919 and 1925, where he enrolled in literature and writing courses. Nevertheless, Steinbeck left the university without taking a degree. Afterwards, he did a variety of jobs, working as a farm laborer,

13、 a newspaper reporter, a chemists assistant, a bricklayer and a road-building worker. It was the working experiences that provided him direct observation of the attitudes, behaviors and languages of the working people. The precious experiences just like invaluable assets which later became the main

14、sources of his inspiration and writing subjects.Steinbeck is known to us for his unique writing techniques, profound compassion for the oppressed people and deep insight into human nature. Whats more, he stood as a literary giant in the 20th century of America. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 for

15、his masterpiece The Grapes of Wrath and the Nobel Prize in 1962 for his outstanding contribution to literature. John Steinbeck was a productive and accomplished writer. He had produced more than thirty volumes of fictions and nonfictions attracting a large number of readers from different cultural b

16、ackgrounds throughout his life. In his lifetime, he published 16 novels, among which the most famous ones were the depression novels, especially the labor trilogyIn Dubious Battle （1936）, Of Mice and Men （1937） and The Grapes of Wrath （1939）. The three novels were closely connected with the politica

17、l and social environment of the 1930s America. The Grapes of Wrath, a monumental epic of the Great Depression, has been commonly acknowledged as the best works among all his masterpieces.1.2 A general introduction of The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath, one of John Steinbecks most famous masterpi

18、eces, had a complicated historical background. It was created in the 1930s, when the Americans were suffering from the destructive influence of the unexampled economic crisis which is known as the Great Depression. In this crisis, banks and companies were bankrupted, the unemployment rate soared and

19、 a large number of people were facing the starvation danger. However, except the physical destruction that it had given rise to, the Great Depression also made people feel confused, disappointed and even desperate. As a part of the linkage effects of the Great Depression, tenants were more seriously

20、 influenced. On account of the falling incomes from farming, they were not able to pay the mortgages on their lands. As a consequence, they were driven away from the land by the bankers.Whats worse, natural disasters also attacked the southwestern Great Plains of America in the 1930s. An especially

21、serious drought which lasted for about a decade affected large areas of the American Midwest, including the states of Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado and Kansas. Gradually, farming lands became corroded and were no longer suitable for planting. As a consequence, a large number of helpless tena

22、nts in these areas were forced to leave their home and move toward California so as to search new ways of survival.Nevertheless, they had gone through a lot of unimaginable troubles during the journey westward and after arriving in California. In addition to the shortage of food, money and shelter,

23、the migrant laborers are also subjected to unfair treatment. They were not only discriminated by the Californian police and local residents, but also were oppressed relentlessly by the great farm owners there. The migrant laborers had a terribly miserable life due to hunger, unemployment and poverty

24、. It seemed that their dream of having a new life in California was completely crushed. Nevertheless, the unbearable sufferings and misery had resulted in the spiritual growth of the migrants. The novel followed up the whole process of their spiritual change when they grew from being negative to bei

25、ng more positive to fight for their own rights and from being concerned about individual benefits to being more united and concerned about other people. More important, the book was affirmative in that there still existed hope for them to create a new life in the future with the spiritual enhancemen

26、t of the migrant laborers.2 Literature reviewAfter the novel The Grapes of Wrath was published in 1939, it immediately became a best-seller. From then on, it had been the hot topic of critical circles and studies about it never ceased. Nevertheless, it also aroused much argument ever since its publi

27、cation according to its subject and artistic matter. Some critics praised this book as a “proletarian novel”, for they thought it was mainly concerned with “the life of the working people or with any industrial or social problem from the laborers point of view” （Tedlock, 1957: xxxiv）. Malcolm Cowley

28、, a famous critic, thought highly of the novel and he declared that “The Grapes of Wrath belongs to the kind of the great angry novels like Uncle Toms Cabin which has stimulated the people to revolt against the intolerable treatments” （McEIrath, 1996:167）.Ever since the publication of the novel in 1

29、939, however, there were other critics who rejected it due to the fact that they found the authors sympathy with the communist ideology. In the essay, The California: Storm and Steinbeck, Edmund Wilson （1941:42） condemned that “Mr. Steinbeck almost always deals with the lower animals or with mankind so elementary that they are nearly on the animal level.” Wilson thought that John Steinbecks description was shallow and lack moral significance. Thus, his criticism threw Steinbeck into the lowest level of naturalistic writers. As a consequence, Steinbecks litera