江苏高考英语二轮讲义专题一第六讲 非谓语动词.docx

1、江苏高考英语二轮讲义专题一第六讲 非谓语动词第六讲非谓语动词学生用书P22 非谓语动词是动词的变体，是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说，非谓语动词是动词的升级版本，弥补了动词的先天不足。根据非谓语动词类别及功能，在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语为主，作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。高考中继续加强了对非谓语动词的考查，而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点，对于不定式，考查热度仍然不减，尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。学生用书P22非谓语动词作状语1(2019江苏卷)_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior

2、 citizens started to use smart phones.ATo enjoy BEnjoyingCTo have enjoyed DEnjoyA详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受电子支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知，这里表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。2(2018江苏卷)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, _ the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.Ahaving exceeded Bto exceed

3、Cexceeded DexceedingD详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这段时间大约13 500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来，超过了市场分析人士预计的12 000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选择exceeding。3(2018北京卷)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.Ashare Bto shareChaving shared DsharedB详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期

4、间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式；To succeed, we must make good preparation.要取得成功必须做好准备。2非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词；The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。3非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；He hurried to the st

5、ation only to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)4非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。I am only too g

6、lad to see everything settled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。Being tired, he went to bed early.因为很累，他很早就睡了。Seeing the police, the thieves ran away.看到警察，小偷就跑了。源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。 Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.他专

7、注读书，没注意到我进入房间。 变式训练 _原则这样提升1Some people try to knock me down，only _ me more determined to do things better.Ahaving made BmakeCto make DmakingC详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人试图把我击倒，结果却使我更加坚定地去把事情做得更好。only与不定式连用，用来表示意想不到的结果。2Due to the newlydiscovered flu, a general anxiousness developed and spread, _ a sharp dec

8、rease of dining out.Acaused Bhaving causedCto cause DcausingD详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因为这种最新发现的流感，一种普遍的焦虑情绪滋生出来并且不断蔓延，这导致外出吃饭的人数急剧减少。分析句子结构可知，cause与其逻辑主语是主动关系，应用v.ing形式作结果状语，所以选D。非谓语动词作定语1(2019天津卷)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially _ to help them succeed academically and personally

9、.Adesigned BdesigningCto design Dbeing designedA详细分析：考查过去分词。句意：大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功的课程。此处course与design之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。2(2017江苏卷)Many Chinese brands，_their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.Ahaving developed Bbeing developedCdev

10、eloped DdevelopingA详细分析：考查非谓语动词。本句的主语Many Chinese brands与develop存在主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语over centuries可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。故答案为A。3(江苏卷)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within the work.Ato hide BhiddenChiding Dbeing hiddenB详细分析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，因

11、此应该使用过去分词作后置定语。 通关点击 _原则这样解读非谓语动词类别用法动词不定式表示将要发生的动作动名词表示用途分词现在分词表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中过去分词表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held next week.我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。The lecture, starting(which was starting)at 7：00 pm. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with

12、telescopes.讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动含义。 She has a sister to look after.她有一个妹妹需要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)I want to go to Beijing.Do y

13、ou have anything to be bought?我要去北京，你有什么东西需要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者) 变式训练 _原则这样提升1Shanghai has become the first city in China _ road test plates for autonomous driving trucks, issuing a plate to technology companies TuSimple and Momenta each, according to Jiefang Daily.Ahaving issued Bto issueCissuing Diss

14、uedB详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据解放日报报道，上海已成为中国第一个颁发自动驾驶卡车道路测试牌照的城市，给技术公司TuSimple和Momenta各颁发了一张牌照。根据句中的“the first”可知此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。2(2019江苏名校高三摸底)I heard that more people，_ by the mild climate and relaxing lifestyle, will pour into my hometown in the future.Aattracting BattractedCbeing attracted Dhaving att

15、ractedB详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我听说被温和的气候和轻松的生活方式吸引，将来更多的人将涌入我的家乡。逻辑主语people与attract之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。故选B项。非谓语动词作宾语1(2018天津卷)I didnt mean _ anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ it.Ato eat；to try Beating；tryingCeating；to try Dto eat；tryingD详细分析：考查非谓语动词。从句意看，第一空所在部分用mean to do st

16、h.表示“打算做某事”，第二空用couldnt help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”，因此选D。2(陕西卷)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career.Ato thank BthankingChaving thanked Dto have thankedA详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的

17、人。 go on 后接to do或doing作宾语均可，但是go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”，而go on to do sth.则表示“继续做另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”，故用go on to do sth.。1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，thr

18、eaten，claim，hesitate，happen等。2只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。3接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做；try doing 试着去做；(2) mean to do打算做；mean doing 意味着；(3) regret to do遗憾要去做；regret doing后悔做过；(4)remember

19、 to do 记得去做；remember doing记得做过；(5) forget to do忘记去做；forget doing 忘记做了。4动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。5介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。He got wellprepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.

20、他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，u

21、nderstand，explain，teach，advise，find out等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who等。 变式训练 _原则这样提升1Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and_to live with that loss.Alearning BlearnedCto learn Dhaving learnedA详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：接受不是关于喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已

22、经失去的和学会带着损失生活下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列宾语，故选A。2There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic，although most competitors end up_ long before that.Ato retire BretiredChaving retired DretiringD详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：穿越北冰洋的13天挑战赛有严格的限制，尽管参赛者都已在很久之前就退出了。end up后跟v.ing形式，

23、意为：以为结束。故选D。非谓语动词作宾补1(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _Ataking BtakenCbeing taken DtakeB详细分析：考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看，本空在句中作宾补，动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，因此选B。2(陕西卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good

24、 care of at home.Ataking BtakenCtake Dbe takenB详细分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是 do，doing或者done。 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作发生的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do; 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing; 若宾语与补语之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。使役动词

25、have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth.doneget sth.done让别人做某事have sb./sth.doing 让一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使开始做某事have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。注意：have sth.to do有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。 Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大尽力使他的工作被医学界认可。I have a lot of readings to complete

26、before the end of this term.这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读要完成。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catc

27、h its breakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。Its wrong to leave the computer working.让电脑一直开着是不对的。I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起让你久等了。I found a number of people already working there.我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。2过

28、去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。You should keep me informed of his whereabou

29、ts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。The old found his hometown much changed.这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。He left much work unfinished because he was ill.因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。3不定式作宾补(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depen

30、d upon等。(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。4with宾语宾补(1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行)(2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成)(3)with宾语to do(表示将来)The old couple often take a walk afte