主谓一致01之欧阳术创编.docx

1、主谓一致01之欧阳术创编主谓一致一时间：2021.02.02创作：欧阳术二概念：句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。三遵循的原则：1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则（邻近原则）三用法： 1. 单复数同形的名词means, headquarters（总部），series（系列），species（种类），works（工厂）作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。eg.These glass works are near the railway station.This glass works(玻璃厂) was set up in 1990.注:remains作遗体讲,谓语动词用复数;作遗迹、剩余

2、物讲，谓语动词用单数或复数。2.只有复数形式的名词scissors(剪子),glasses(眼镜),clothes,shorts(短裤),trousers(裤子),goods(货物),earnings(收入)，shoes, chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg.Where are my spectacles(眼镜)?I cant find them.One pair of scissors isnt enough.3.以s结尾的名词作主语时:以s结尾的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。eg.Whats the news?以s结尾的专有名词作主语时:a.以s结尾的表示国家,

3、组织等名称或书名作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 如：the Netherlands(荷兰),the United States(美国),the United Nations(联合国), The Cantebury Tales(坎特伯雷的故事), American Notes(美国笔记), The Arabian Nights(一千零一夜)b.以s结尾的表示山脉,群岛,海峡,瀑布等地理名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 如：the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉),the Philippine Islands(菲律宾群岛),the Niagara Falls(

4、尼亚加拉大瀑布)c.以s结尾的疾病、游戏名称等作主语,谓语动词用单数。如：diabetes(糖尿病),darts(投镖游戏), marbles(打弹子游戏)d.以ics结尾的学科名称作主语,谓语动词用单数。 如：physics,mathematics, politics,economics4.集体名词作主语时:表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式.例如army,audience,band,board(董事会), cast(全体演员),class,committee, crew(全体船员),crowd, family, generation,government,g

5、roup,party,population,publie,school,staff,team,company等。注:这些词前如有whole修饰,则表示整体,谓语动词用单数。只当复数看待的集体名词如cattle,folk(人们)，people,youth,poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫), militia(民兵)谓语动词用复数。注:people作民族讲,谓语动词可用单数。 eg.Every people has its own ways of living.常作不可数名词、表示总称的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数，例如furniture,luggage(行李),merchandi

6、se(商品),equipment, foliage(叶子),machinery（机械）、clothing, jewelry（珠宝）等。5.主语为外来的复数名词时,谓语动词作单数，例如data（数据）(谓语动词也可用复数),agenda（议程）等。6.表示时间、距离、金钱的复数名词作主语时，意义一致,把复数名词看作整体,谓语动词用单数。eg. Three years has passed.Four hundred miles is long distance.Fifty dollars is dear.7.如果主语由more than one,many a,a/an/oneand a half与

7、名词构成，谓语动词用单数。one and a half+名词复数,谓语动词视名词而定。more than +名词复数或more+名词复数+than one结构后，谓语动词用复数。eg.More than one question was asked at the meeting.Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.An apple and a half was eaten.（= One and a half apples were eaten.）One and a half years has passed. （整体概念） 8. 代词作主语时：

8、（1）表示数量的不定代词much,little作主语时，谓语动词用单数；many，(a)few, both, several作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg.Much of our food comes from plants. Only the few are likely to enjoy the music.（2）such,the same起指示代词作用时，谓语动词根据其所指内容决定单复数（意义一致）。eg. Such is our plan. Such are his words.（3）most (of), none (of), some (of), all (of) 作主语时，谓语动词

9、根据意义一致的原则。一般来说，all指人时，谓语动词用复数；指事情时谓语动词用单数。eg. All are right.(所有人都身体健康) All is right.(一切进展顺利)（4） each(of), either (of), neither (of), the other, another，以及some,every,any,no+thing, body,one构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数(主语为none,谓语动词现多用复数，也可用单数)。each放在代词后面作同位语，谓语动词由代词决定。eg. We each have a reference book. （5）关系代词w

10、ho, which, that等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数保持一致。eg. Those who want to go please sign your name here.（6）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人要表达的意思决定单复数（意义一致）。eg. Which is (are) your books? 9. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语时：（1）a (great) number of, many, a few+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；(a) little, much, a great deal of+不可数名词作主语时，

11、谓语动词用单数。注：A. a （large） quantity of +可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词的形式通常视of后名词的具体情况而定， 该名词是不可数名词时谓语用单数形式， 该名词时复数可数名词时谓语通常要采用复数形式；（large） quantities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数。B. a large/great amount/sum of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；large/great amounts/sums of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数。（2）表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cu

12、p, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、复数形式同形)、species(单数、复数形式同形), ton, meter等与of连用构成主语时，由of之前表示“种类、计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。a portion/pile/panel (组)/committee/board of +可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：a kind /sort/type of, this kind /sort/type of+名词单/复数，谓语动词用单数; these/those kind(s) /sort(s)/type(s) of+名词复数, 谓语动词用复数

13、; what kind of+名词单数，谓语动词用单数；what kinds of+名词单数，谓语动词用复数。 eg. There has been a whole series of accidents on the stretch of road recently. (最近在这一段路上发生了一连串事故)（3）the number of +可数名词复数，the amount of +不可数名词，the quantity of +可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（4）a lot of, lots of, a heap of, heaps of（许多）, half of, pl

14、enty of, the rest of, the remainder of+可数/不可数名词作主语，谓语动词根据of后面的名词决定。eg. Half of the students have read the novel.Half of the food is unfit to eat. 10. 数词（由数词构成的短语）作主语时：（1）分数或百分比+of+名词作主语，谓语动词根据of后面的名词决定。eg. Two thirds of the earths surface is made up of vast ocean. Three fifths of the workers here ar

15、e women.（2）基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，谓语动词用单数；表示数量时，谓语动词用复数。 eg. Twelve are boys.Ten billion is a large number.（3）不可数名词前如有表数量的复数词出现，做主语时，谓语用复数。eg.Thousandsoftonsofcoalarecarriedoutfromthismineeverymonth.（4）one or two+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a/one+名词单数+or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 （5）用作运算的数词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，加、乘运算，谓语动词有时可用复数。eg. Th

16、ree plus(and) five is/makes eight.(3+5=8)Ten minus six is four.or Six from ten is/leaves four.(10-6=4)Two multiplied by(times) nine is eighteen.(2*9=18)Sixteen divided by eight is /equals two.(16/8=2) How much is eight divided by two?(8/2=?) （6）主语由one in/one out of+复数名词 (分之一) 构成，谓语动词一般用单数，有时也可用复数。eg

17、. One in ten students has failed the exam.11. 名词化的形容词/过去分词与定冠词the连用作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或物，谓语动词用复数；如表示一类不可数事物时指个别，谓语动词用单数。如：the poor, the rich, the blind (瞎的), the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the agreeable (好看的), the oppressed (受压迫的), the wounded, the injured, the unemployed (失业的), the accused(被告),

18、 the dispossessed(被剥夺者) eg. The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against the plan.12. 单个的非限定动词（动名词、不定式）短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数，并列的此类结构作主语，谓语用复数。eg. Crossing the river takes only a few minutes. To study English is not easy.13. 单个的名词性从句作主语（主语从句）时，谓语动词一般用单数；但what引导的主语从句，主句中的谓语动词根据意义一致原则。从句中谓语动词不同时，主句中谓语动

19、词用复数；由多个疑问词引导主语从句，主句中谓语动词用单数。eg. Whether he will come or not is uncertain.That the young man married her isnt surprising.What he suggested was to start to work at once.What the boy asked for were a few apples.What he says and thinks are not very important to us.When and how he came here is not known

20、.14. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语时：（1）由and, both and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。（2）由and 连接的并列主语，如果指的是同一个人、同一个事物或同一概念（如配套的物品）时，谓语动词用单数。如：a fork and knife, a watch and chain, salt and water, bread and butter, a cart and horse（马车）, needle and thread（针线），law and order（法律和秩序）等。eg. Going to bed early and getting up early is a goo

21、d habit. The poet and writer has come.(那位诗人兼作家来了) The poet and the writer have come.( 那位作家和那位作家都来了)Time and tide waits for no man. (岁月不饶人)注：如连接的是单数名词时，前一个名词有冠词，后一个名词无冠词。 （3）A+ with/along with/together with/as well as (和), like (像), in addition to/besides, except/but (除了)，but not/rather than (而不是), i

22、ncluding, as much as, more than, no less than（和一样）, accompanied by+B结构中，句中的谓语动词由A决定。 （4）every/each+名词单数+ every/each+名词单数结构中，句中谓语动词用单数。15. 由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also), notbut等连接的并列主语、there be 句型及here引导的倒装句中，谓语动词根据就近原则。eg. My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. Either

23、 you or I am fond of swimming in the river. Not only the students but also the teacher supports the campaign. There is a girl and several boys in the reading room. Here is a pen, some paper and a few envelopes for you.16. 含one of +名词复数的定语从句中： （1）先行词是复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。 （2）前有定冠词the或the only等限定词和强调词，先行词是on

24、e时，谓语动词用单数。eg. This is one of the best movies that have been on this year. She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.17. 在分裂句（强调句）中that/who分句的谓语动词一般由先行项（被强调内容）决定。注：在It is I+who-分句中，who-分句动词与I保持一致。在非正式语体中，分裂句中心部分可用宾格me，that-分句中的谓语动词常用第三人称单数。eg. It is I who am to blame.( It is me that is to blame.)It is me that was injured in the accident.时间：2021.02.02创作：欧阳术