常用物理英语词汇大全.docx

1、常用物理英语词汇大全常用物理英语词汇大全 absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute motion 绝对运动absolute velocity 绝对速度accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accelerometer 加速度计acting force 作用力active force 主动力angle of friction 摩擦角angle of nutation 章动角angle of precession 进动角angle of rotation 自转角angula

2、r acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular motion 角向运动angular velocity vector 角速度矢量angular velocity 角速度areal velocity 掠面速度又称“扇形速度（sector velocity）”arm of couple 力偶臂attraction force 吸引力Atwood machine 阿特伍德机average velocity，mean velocity 平均速度axial acceleration 轴向加速度axial vector 轴矢量ballistic cur

3、ve 弹道ballistic pendulum 弹道摆ballistics 弹道学base point 基点bearing 轴承binormal acceleration 副法向加速度bounce 反弹英文力学词汇-（c） center of force 力心center of gravity 重心center of mass 质心center of moment 矩心center of parallel force system 平行力系中心center of percussion 撞击中心center of reduction 简化中心又称“约化中心”center-of-mass syst

4、em 质心参考系central field 有心力场central force 有心力central impact 对心碰撞central principal axis of inertia 中心惯性主轴centrifugal force 离心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力centrode 瞬心迹Chasles theorem 沙勒定理circular motion 圆周运动coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数coefficient of restitution 恢

5、复系数coefficient of rolling friction 滚动摩擦系数coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数collision 碰撞ponent force 分力ponent velocity 分速度posite motion 复合运动position of forces 力的合成position of velocities 速度的合成pound pendulum 复摆concentrated force 集中力concurrent force 汇交力conservative force 保守力conservative system 保守系co

6、nstant force 恒力constant of motion 运动常量constraint force 约束力constraint 约束convected acceleration 牵连加速度convected motion 牵连运动convected velocity 牵连速度coplanar force 共面力Coriolis acceleration 科里奥利加速度简称“科氏加速度”Coriolis force 科里奥利力简称“科氏力”Coulomb law of friction 库仑摩擦定律couple 力偶curvilinear motion 曲线运动英文力学词汇-（d-e）

7、 dAlembert inertial force 达朗贝尔惯性力dAlembert principle 达朗贝尔原理density 密度displacement 位移 dissipative force 耗散力 distributed force 分布力effective potential 有效势elastic force 弹性力elementary work 元功ellipsoid of inertia 惯量椭球equilibrium condition 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置equilibrium

8、state 平衡态equilibrium 平衡equipotential line 等势线equipotential surface 等势面equivalent force system 等效力系Euler kinematical equations 欧拉运动学方程Eulerian angle 欧拉角external ballistics 外弹道学 external force 外力英文力学词汇-（f-g） final velocity 末速度finite rotation 有限转动 first cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度fixed centrode 定瞬心迹又称“空间瞬心迹

9、（herpolhode）”fixed reference system 固定参考系fixed vector 固定矢量fixed-axis rotation 定轴转动fixed-point motion 定点运动force 力force field 力场force polygon 力多边形force screw 力螺旋force triangle 力三角形forces acting at the same point 共点力Foucault pendulum 傅科摆free motion of rigid body 刚体自由运动free vector 自由矢量free-body diagram

10、受力图描述分离体所受力的图。friction force 摩擦力funicular polygon 索多边形Galilean invariance 伽利略不变性Galilean principle of relativity 伽利略相对性原理Galilean transformation 伽利略变换geocentric coordinate system 地心坐标系gravitation 引力gravitational constant 引力常量gravitational field 引力场gravity field 重力场gravity 重力guy cable 拉索gyroscope 陀螺仪

11、英文力学词汇-（h-i） helical motion 螺旋运动hinged end 铰接端hodograph 矢端图impact parameter 碰撞参量imperfect elastic collision 非完全弹性碰撞impulse of pression 压缩冲量impulse of restitution 恢复冲量impulse 冲量inertia 惯性inertial reference frame / system 惯性参考系inertial centrifugal force 惯性离心力inertial force 惯性力infinitesimal rotation 无限

12、小转动initial velocity 初速度instantaneous axis of rotation 转动瞬轴instantaneous center of rotation 转动瞬心instantaneous center of acceleration 加速度瞬心instantaneous screw axis 瞬时螺旋轴instantaneous translation 瞬时平移instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度internal force 力intrinsic equation 禀方程isochronism 等时性isochronous pendulum 等时

13、摆isolated system 孤立系 英文力学词汇-（j-l） jerk 加加速度journal bearing 颈轴承Kepler law 开普勒定律kinematical equation 运动学方程kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦kineto-statics 动态静力学laboratory coordinate system 实验室坐标系law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律

14、law of conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒定律law of conservation of moment of momentum 动量矩守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律limiting velocity 极限速度line of action 作用线 英文力学词汇-（m-n） many-body problem 多体问题material point，mass point，particle 质点mechanical energy

15、 机械能mechanical motion 力学运动又称“机械运动”mechanical work 机械功Meshcherskii formula 密歇尔斯基公式moment arm of force 力臂moment of area 面矩moment of couple 力偶矩moment of force 力矩moment of inertia 转动惯量moment of momentum 动量矩又称“角动量（angular momentum）”moment vector of couple 力偶矩矢moment vector 矩矢量momentum 动量motion of rigid-b

16、ody with a fixed point 刚体定点运动moving centrode 动瞬心迹又称“本体瞬心迹（polhode）”moving reference system 动参考系Newton first law 牛顿第一定律Newton second law 牛顿第二定律Newton third law 牛顿第三定律normal acceleration 法向加速度null-force system 零力系nutation 章动英文力学词汇-（o-p） oblique impact 斜碰orbit 轨道overweight 超重parallel axis theorem 平行轴定理

17、parallel forces 平行力parallelogram rule 平行四边形定则path 路程沿路径的长度。path，itinerary 路径pendulum 摆perfect elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞perfect inelastic collision 完全非弹性碰撞perturbation 摄动pitch 俯仰/音调pivot bearing 枢轴承planar hinge 平面铰planar motion 平面运动Poinsot motion 索运动point of action 作用点polar vector 极矢量position vector 位

18、置矢量简称“位矢”potential force 有势力potential function 势函数power 功率precession 进动物理学称“旋进”。principal axis of inertia 惯量主轴principal moment of inertia 主转动惯量principal moment 主矩principal vector 主矢量principle of removal of constraint 解除约束原理principle of rigidization 刚化原理product of inertia 惯性积projectile motion 抛体运动pse

19、udoregular precession 赝规则进动pulley 滑轮 英文力学词汇-（r） radial acceleration 径向加速度radial velocity 径向速度radius of gyration 回转半径radius vector 径矢又称“矢径”reacting force 反作用力reaction at support 支座反力recoil 反冲rectilinear motion 直线运动reduced mass 简化质量又称“约化质量”，为减少自由度而用的折算质量reduction of force system 力系的简化又称“力系的约化”referenc

20、e system 参考系regular precession 规则进动relative acceleration 相对加速度relative motion 相对运动relative velocity 相对速度resolution of force 力的分解resolution of velocity 速度的分解resultant couple 合力偶resultant force 合力resultant velocity 合速度rigid body motion 刚体运动rigid body 刚体rocket 火箭roll 侧滚roller 滚柱rolling friction 滚动摩擦rot

21、ation around a fixed point 定点转动rotation 转动英文力学词汇-（s） second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度simple pendulum 单摆sliding friction 滑动摩擦sliding vector 滑移矢量specific gravity，specific weight 比重speed 速率spherical hinge 球铰spherical pendulum 球面摆static friction 静摩擦statically determinate 静定statically indeterminate 超静定suspe

22、nded cable 悬索system of couples 力偶系system of forces 力系system of particles 质点系英文力学词汇-（t） tangential acceleration 切向加速度tensile force 拉力tension 拉伸/力terminal velocity 终极速度theorem of kinetic energy 动能定理theorem of moment of momentum 动量矩定理theorem of momentum 动量定理third cosmic velocity 第三宇宙速度three-body proble

23、m 三体问题top 陀螺torque 转矩trajectory 轨迹translation 平移transmissibility of force 力的可传性transverse acceleration 横向加速度transverse velocity 横向速度two-body problem 二体问题英文力学词汇-（u-w） uniform motion 匀速运动variable-mass dynamics 变质量动力学variable-mass system 变质量系Varignon theorem 伐里农定理velocity of escape 逃逸速度velocity 速度weigh

24、tlessness 失重 work 功a.c. generator交流发电机aberration光行差，像差absolute index of refraction绝对折射率absolute refractive index绝对折射率absolute temperature scale绝对温标absolute zero绝对零度absorber吸收体absorbing power吸收能力，吸收本领absorptance吸收比absorption吸收absorption coefficient吸收系数absorption line吸收谱线 absorption spectrum吸收光谱，吸收谱ac

25、celerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度acceleration-time graph加速度时间关系线图accelerator加速器acceptor接受体acceptor doping受体掺杂acceptor impurity受体杂质acmodation调节，视觉调节accumulator蓄电池accuracy准确度acetate strip醋酸酯条片achromatic消色差的achromatic aberration消色差achromatic condenser消色差聚光透镜achromatic light消色差光，

26、白光acoustic blur声响模糊acoustic board吸音板，吸声板acoustic navigation声响导航acoustic pressure声压acoustics声学act on施于action作用量，作用，作用力action of point尖端作用activation激活，活化activation energy激活能，活化能active nucleus活性核，放射性核activity放射强度，放射性adapter接合器adder加法器adhesion附着力，附着，黏附adhesive force附着力adiabatic绝热的adiabatic expansion绝热膨胀

27、adiabatic process绝热过程aerial天线 aerial induction天线调谐电感aerial network天线网络aerodynamic force气动力，空气动力aerodynamics气体动力学，空气动力学aerofoil机翼agent剂air blower吹风器air column空气柱，气柱air cushion气垫air damping空气阻尼air film气膜air track气垫导航air wedge气楔alignment对准，校整alpha decay衰变alpha particle粒子alpha particle scattering analog

28、ue粒子放射模拟alternating current交流电alternating voltage交变电压，交流电压alternator交流发电机altimeter高度计，测高仪americium ammeter安培计amorphous非结晶的，无定形的ampere安培，安ampere-hour安培小时，安时amplification放大，放大率amplifier放大器amplify放大amplitude振幅amplitude modulation调幅，振幅调剂amyl acetate醋酸戊酯anaemia贫血analogue模拟analogue experiment模拟实验analogue signal仿真讯号，非数字讯号analogue-to-digital conversion模拟转换analyser检偏振器AND gate与门anemometer风速计aneroid barometer无液气压计，空盒气压计angle of contact接触角angle of deviation偏向角angle