一般将来时与一般现在时讲解及练习.docx

1、一般将来时与一般现在时讲解及练习一般将来时一、一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词 tomorrow,Soon 或短语 n ext year / Week / mon th, in a few days, in the future, Sometime 做状语。如：What will you do this after noon. 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeti ng tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。He is going to StUdy abroad next year.明年他要出国学习。二、 一般将来时的基本用

2、法及构成一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实，由“ will / shall +动词原形”构成:We shall have a lot of rain next mon th.下个月将下很多雨。I think She will PaSS the exam.我想他考试会及格的。三、 表示将来时间的几种常见方法英语中除了“ will /shall+动词原形”表示半来时态外，还可以有以下多种方法：（1） 用“ be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：We are nOtgoing to Stay there long.我们不准备在那里多待。 （表打算）I m afraid t

3、hey re going to lose the怕他们会赛输。（表预测）Look, it S going to rat.要下雨了。（表预见）注：be going to后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态：Where is he goi ng to go? / Where is he goi ng?他打算到哪里去？（2） 用“ be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表 示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beiji ng tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。Tell him he S not to be back 告诉他不准

4、迟回。（3） 用“ be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave.他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start.大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误： He is about to leave Soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示 打算”主要用于否定句）：I m not about to Iend him any more money我不打算再借给他任何钱。(4)用“ be due to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按

5、计划或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave Very soo n.他很快就要离开。HiS book is due to be PUbIiShed in October.他的书计划 10 月份出版。(5)用“现在进行时”(即be+现在分词)表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The StUde nts are leav ing on Sun day.学生们星期日出发。We re having a Party next week.我们下星期将开一个晚会。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：I m leaving我走TO(6)用“ 一般现在时”表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的

6、事：The train IeaVeS at 7:25 this evening.火车今晚 7:25 分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday.明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中， 也用一般现在时表示将来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的有关用法。四、三种将来时间表示法的比较(1) “ Will / shal+动词原形与“ be going t+动词原形”两者均可表示将来时间和意图，两者有时可换用：I think it ll rain this evening. / I t

7、hink it S go我想今晚会下S雨Vening.I won t tell you about it. / I m nOtgoing to te我不会把这U事告诉你的。但有时有差别：1若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的， 则通常要用be going to ;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用 will。比较：Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I didn t know. I 安住o院Td ViSit “r.嗔的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。 ”临时想法，不能用 be goi ng to)Ann is in hospital

8、. Yes, I know. I m going to ViSit h安住moTow. ” 我知道，我打算明天去看看她。”事先考虑的意图，不能用 will)2若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用 be going to ,不用will :Look at those black clouds. It S goin那些乌云.，要下雨了。3带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用 be going to ,而用will :When he comes back, I will tell him the n ews.他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。If he comes back, I WiIl tell hi

9、m the news. 他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。（2） “ be going to动词原形与 现在进行时”1be going to主要表示主观想法或意图， 而现在进行进表示将来则主要已经强调作出的安排。比较：I m going to WaSh the Car if I have time若有时间我想洗洗车。 （主观想法）I m PiCking you UP at 6; don 我6t点钟e来接你，不要忘了。 （已作出的安排）2但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时，通常要用 be going to ,不能用现在进行时态：It S going SnoW before long.不久会下雪。Thin

10、gS are going to get better soon.情况很快就会好起来。3当表示坚持要（不要）某人做某事时，两者均可用：She S taking going to take that medicine Whether he likes it or not.不管她喜欢不喜欢，她 都得吃那药。You re not Wearing going to wear that Skirt to school.你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。（3） “ be going to动词原形与“ be to动词原形的区别两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时可互换 （但be to比be going to正式

11、）：Where are We goi ng to Stay ton ight?我们今晚住哪里？I m （go ing） to play tennis this after noon.我打算今天下午打网球。另外，be going to还可表示预测，即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作， 此时不能用beto：Look, it oinggto rain.看，要下雨了。五、典型一般将来时考题详解【例 1 】TUrn On the televisiOn Or open a magazine and you advertisementsshow ing happy familiesA.will ofte n

12、See B. ofte n SeeC. are ofte n See ing D. have ofte n See n分析：A。这是 祈使句+and +陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句， and后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时，这是一个较为固定的句型。【例 2 He WaS hoping to go abroad but his Parents that they Won t SUPPOrt himUnl ess he Can borrow money from the bank.A. Were decidi ng B. have decidedD. will decideC. deci

13、ded分析：B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和D;由语境判断，不是 将要决定”，而是现在已经决定”，所以排除D ,而选B。【例 3】 一HoW Can I apply for an onIine course?JUSt fill out this form and We What We Can do four you.A. See B. are See ingC.have Seen D. will See分析：D。表示将要发生的情况，自然是用一般将来时。【例 4】If their marketing plans succeed, they the

14、ir sales by 20 PerCent.A. will in CreaSe B. have bee n in CreaS ingC. have in CreaSed D. would be in CreaS ing分析：A。由于if条件从句用的是一般现在时，所以其相应的主句宜用一般将来时。【例 5】 Population experts PrediCt that most people in CitieS in the near future.A. live B. would liveC. will live D. have lived分析：C。根据句中的in the near futu

15、re可知要用一般将来时。【例 6】 When I talked With my grandma On the phone, She SoUnded weak, but by the timeWe up, her voice had bee n full of life.A. Were hanging B. had hungC. hung D. would hang分析：C。从逻辑上说，当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时，她的声音听起来很虚弱；但到我们要挂电话时，她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说，应该是 奶奶的声音又充满朝气”在先，我们挂断电话”在后，如果是反过来的话，那说话者就无法听知道 奶奶的声音又充满

16、朝气之回事了。所以 挂断电话”应用一般过去时。另外， 由于by the time后接的定语从句通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，所以选项 D不能选。【例 7】Ann is in hospital.Oh, really? I kno w. I go and ViSit her.A. didn t; am going to B. don t; wouldC. don t; will D. didn t; will分析：D。根据句意，在此之前说话人不知道安住院了，因此第一空用一般过去时；说话人打算去看她，这个动作还没发生，因此第二空用一般将来时。注意 be going t

17、o与will表示将来的区别：表示临时的决定，要用 be going to，不用 will()。【例 8】I ll go to the Iibrary as soon as I finish What I .B. am doingA. WaS doingD.C. have donehad bee n doing时，说明要完成的工作是 现在”正在做的事情，故用现在进行时。又如：He is StUdy ing architecture.他在学习建筑。The ambulance is Carrying wounded people to the nearest hospital. 救护车正在把受伤的人

18、 送到最近的医院。一般过去时一、 一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。 常与过去时间 yesterday, this mornin g, just now, a mome nt ago ,in May, last ni ght / year / week, OnCeUPon a time, the other day, in the PaSt 等连用。如：What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么？I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会至U了林涛。I WaS there a moment ag

19、o.冈U才我在那儿。二、 一般过去时的应用1.一般过去时表示过去(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态：He bought the COmPUter five years ago.这电脑是他五年前买的。It WaS then a small fishing village .那时它只是一个小渔村。(2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作：We often PIayed together When We Were ChiIdren .我们小时候常在一起玩。注：表过去习惯性的动词，也可用 USed to或would :He USed to go to work by bus.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。2.

20、一般过去时表示现在(1)在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：I didn t knOW you Were he我不知道你在这儿。(Were实际上指现在)I didn t knOW you Were so bus我没想到你这么忙。 (Were实际上指现在)(2)表示客气委婉的现在I Wondered if you Were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。I thought you might like some flowers.我想您也许想要些花。注：能这样有的动词主要限于 Want, Wonder, think, hope, intend等少数

21、动词。(3)用于某些特殊结构中表示现在It S time We Starte我们该动身了。I WiSh I knew his him.要是我知道他的名字就好了。I d rather you lived closer to US我希望你能住得离我们近点。注：该用法主要用于it S time, I wish, I d rather, if only, as if, as th少数结构后接从 句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来：I d rather you come next Monday我宁愿你下周星期一来。另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：If I had

22、the money now I d b假駅若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。 (from) 三、一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化 两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1)一般在动词后加-edo 如：play played, offer offered, Weigh weighed, destroy destroyed, Sig nSig ned.(2)在以字母 e结尾的动词后，只加 -d。如:like liked, PrOVide provided, hate hated, date dated o(

23、3)在以 辅音字母+y 结尾的动词后，则改 y为i ,再加一ed。如：SUPPIySUPPlied,fly flied, StUdy studied. (from )(4)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再力口 -ed。如：plan planned, refer referred, regretregretted, banbanned.四、特别说明有些动词的过去时，如： expect, hope, intend, plan, Wanted等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式， 都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、 打算

24、或希望。如：I hoped to have bee n in Vited to his Wedd ing party. I had hoped to be in Vited to his Weddi ng Cerem ony.我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。I inten ded to have joined their games. I had inten ded to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。五、典型考题（附详解）1.Helen her keys in the OffiCe So She had to Wait Until her husband hom

25、e.A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; Came D. had left; would come解析：答案选 CO leave应发生在had to Wait这个过去动作之前， 过去的过去用过去完成时；后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。2. NanCy is not coming toni ght.BUt She !A. PrOmiSeS B. PrOmiSed C. will PrOmiSe D. had PrOmiSed解析：答案选B。“但她曾经答应要来的”，过去的许诺，故用一般过去时。3. You haven t Said a

26、word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?I m Sor anything abo Ut it Sooner. I Certainly think it S Pretty On you.A. WaSn t Saying B. don t Say C. won t Say D. didn t Say 解析：答案选D。用一般过去时，指“我刚才没急于说”。4.All morning as She Waited for the medical report from the doctor, her n ervous ness .A. has grow

27、 n B. is grow ing C. grew D. had grow n解析：答案选Co紧张伴随等的过程而产生， 应同时发生，Waited是一般过去时，grow也用一般过去时。5.I thought Jim would Say SOmeth ing about his school report, but he it.A. doesn t mentionB. hadn t mentiOnedC. didn t mentiOn D. hasn t mentioned 解析：答案选Co只描述过去所发生的情况，但没有强调对现在的影响，用一般过去时。6.I while reading the E

28、nglish textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me UP in time!A. had falle n asleep B. have falle n asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep解析：答案选 C。描写过去发生的情况用一般过去时。7.Sales of CDS have greatly in CreaSed SinCe the early 1990s, Whe n people to enjoythe adva ntages of this new tech no logy.A. begi n B. bega n

29、C. have beg Un D. had begu n解析：答案选 B。When引导的是一个非限制性定语从句， When指20世纪90年代初，当然用一般过去时。8. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Isla nd for her holiday.Oh, how nice! Do you know When She ?A. WaS IeaVi ng B. had Ieft C. has left D. left解析：答案选 D。因为Jane已经度假去了， 离开”此地就当然是在此之前的过去某个时间了，所以用一般过去时，选 D。另外，When通常都不与完成时连用，

30、排除 B和C, A也与语境不符。9.I you not to move my dictiOnary -now I Can t find it.A. asked B. ask C. WaS ask ing D. had asked解析：答案选A。由now可知前句的意思是：我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的 （你偏不听）。叫”是在过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。10.The teacher, With 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ViSiting a museum When theearthquake struck.A. WaS B. Were C. had bee

31、n D. would be解析：答案选A。由When the earthquake StrUCk可知，要用一般过去时， 排除C和D;又因为主语是单数the teacher，所以只有A正确。11.The discussi On alive Whe n an in terest ing topic WaS brought i n.A. WaS Coming B. had come C. has come D. Came解析：答案选D。由WhenWaS brought in可知，come也是过去发生的事， 用一般过去时。句意是：当引入一个有趣的话题时，那场讨论又变得活跃起来。12.She her hairstyle in her hometow n bef