专业四级知识点.docx

1、专业四级知识点 1. The computer system _suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. （2006年辽宁卷） A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 解析：A由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示坏了，因此应填broke down. 2. To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it _ into parts. （2005年湖北卷） A. down B. up C.

2、off D. out 解析：A break down在此意为将分解，符合语境逻辑。 3. I was still sleeping when the fire _ ，and then it spread quickly. （2006年广东卷） A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out 解析：A由the fire与spread之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示（火灾）发生，因此应填broke out.以上三题都是考查break短语的用法，本文在此对其做一归纳。1. break down(1).（机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉 The telephone

3、system has broken down. The car broke down on the freeway.汽车在高速路上抛锚了。(2)失败 Negotiations between two sides has broken down.双方谈判失败了。(3).被搞垮，垮掉 Her health broke down under the pressure of the work.break sth. down(1).打倒，破坏某物 The firefighters had to break door down to reach the people trapped inside.消防人员

4、不得不破门而入，解救困在里面的人。(2).破坏，消除（尤指某种感情或态度） break down resistance/oppose 瓦解抵抗/反对(3).把分类，划分 Each lesson is broke down into several units.每一课都分成几部分。(4).使分解为，使变化成 Sugar and starch are broken in the stomach.糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。2. break up(1).解散，驱散。如：The police broke up the crowd （the meeting）。 警察驱散了人群（集会）。The meeting

5、will break up at eleven oclock.会议将在十一点钟结束。(2).（学校等）放假。如：When do you break up for Christmas？ 你们什么时候放圣诞节假？(3).关系结束，破裂。如：The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。 Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。(4).击碎，撞碎。如：The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。 Lets break up the whole into parts. 让我

6、们化整为零。(5).break up with sb. 绝交。如：Shes just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。(6).变得虚弱，垮掉 He broke up under the strain.break sth. up (1).拆开，打散The ship was broken up for scrap metal.船被拆解为废铁。(2).结束关系，关闭公司等 They decided to break up the partnership.他们决定拆伙。(3). (尤指用武力) 迫使放弃某事 The police are called t

7、o break up the fight.有人叫来警察来制止打斗。3. break in破门而入，破门而入；打断Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera. 昨夜一个小偷闯了进来， 偷走了他的相机。 He broke in with some ideas of his own.他插了话， 说了说自己的一些看法。“I didnt do that!” She broke in. 4.break into强行进入，撬开汽车等；突然起来They broke into the prison and set free all the pris

8、oners. 他们冲进监狱，释放了所有的囚犯。We had our car broken up last week.我们的车上周被人撬开了。 Hearing the sad news，the old woman broke into tears. 听到这个悲哀的消息， 这位老年妇女突然哭了起来。As the Presidents car drew up, the crowd broke into loud applause.总统的车座停下时，人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。 5. break out战争爆发，争吵爆发,（火灾）发生When did the war break out？ 这场战争是什么时

9、候爆发的？ I have heard that a quarrel broke out between them. 我听说他们之间爆发了争吵。 More than one hundred fires broke out in our city last year. 去年我市发生了一百多起火灾。break out of 逃离某地，摆脱某状况 Several prisoners broke out of the jail.几名囚犯越狱了。She needed to break out of her daily routine and do something exciting.她需要从日常事务中解

10、脱出来，找点有意思的事做。break out in 突然布满某物 Her face broke out in a rash.她的脸上忽然长出一片红疹。He broke out in a cold sweat.他突然冒出一阵冷汗。 6. break away from sb./sth.打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯;脱离,背叛(政党，国家等，尤指再组建新的)You must break away from these old customs. 你们必须破除这些旧风俗。The dog broke away from its owner and ran away. 狗挣脱了主人，跑了。 Youd be

11、tter break away from the habit of smoking. 你最好改掉吸烟的习惯。 The people of the province wished to break away and form a new state.该省人民希望分离成立一个新国家。 7. break through (1). 太阳或月亮从云层中露出 It was a cloudy day， but the sun at last broke through.原本是个阴天，不过太阳最后还是出来了。The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.下午太阳

12、终于拔蕴而出。(2).冲破，突破，战胜 Our soldiers successfully broke through the enemys defenses. 我们的战士成功地突破了敌军的防线。(3).作出重大发现，取得突破 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中有所突破。 8. break into pieces破成碎片The mirror fell to the ground and broke into pieces. 镜子掉到地

13、上摔成了碎片。 9. break ones word/promise食言， 说话不算数I believe in him，because he never breaks his word / promise. 我信任他，因为他从来不食言。 10. break the law/rule违反法律/规章制度Nobody can break the rules of our company. 没有人能违背我们公司的规章制度。 11. break forth突然发出，爆发，迸发， 发作The crowd broke forth in cheers. 欢呼声从人群中迸发出来。 12. break in tw

14、o使破成两半When I hit the ball， my bat broke in two. 击球时我的球拍断成两截。 13. break the record打破纪录This athlete has just broken the world record in mens high jump. 这名运动员刚刚打破了男子跳高世界纪录。 14. break ones heart使某人心碎，使某人悲痛欲绝To tell you the truth， the bad news broke my heart at that time. 说实话，那时这个坏消息使我悲痛万分。单选51.感叹句的句式Wha

15、t+a/an+adj. +单数可数名词+主语+谓语 What a great pity you missed the lecture again!What+adj.+可数名词复数+其他 What interesting books youve bought for us!What +adj. +不可数名词+其他 What great fu surfing on the Internet!How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语 How short life is! How quickly he runs!How +主语+谓语 How you are working!你工作真卖力How+ adj

16、. +a/an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语 How beautiful a girl she is!在可数名词复数和不可数名词前，不用“how+adj.”构成的感叹句，要用“what+adj. +可数名词复数/不可数名词”构成的感叹句。What great changes we have had these years! 正确How great changes we have had these years! 错误What good news it is! 正确How good news it is! 错误What a wonderful plan you have made! 正确How w

17、onderful plan you have made! 正确关于倒装句式Boy as /though he is, he likes to play with girls.=Although/though he is a boy, he likes to play with girls.未倒装的状语从句既可用though，也可用although，就是不能用as；倒装的状语从句既可用though，也可用as，就是不能用although。即：as必须倒装，although不能倒装，though两者皆可。Late although it was, we still went on working.

18、 (x)As it was late, we still went on working. (x)HOWEVER 用法：1. 用作副词，注意以下用法：(1) 表示让步，意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导一个让步状语从句。如：However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。However far it

19、is, I intend to drive there tonight. 不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。这样用的 however 与 no matter how(no matter how只引导让步状语从句) 大致同义。如：No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat.No matter how cold it is, he always goes swimming.No matter how far it is, I intend to drive there tonight.有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Dont laugh howeve

20、r funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑。Ill try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。另外，“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。（conditions后省去了are）Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人

21、住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。(2) 表示转折，尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意()。语法网My room is small; however, its comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。H

22、e said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了。注意，however不能像 but（但是）那样直接连接两个句子（注意正句中的标点符号）。如：我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。误：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.（分号可以表示句子的结束）正：We all tr

23、ied our best. However, we lost the game.(3) 表示惊奇或强调，相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子，究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?2. 用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。如：However it may be, I shall take your word. 无

24、论如何，我将会相信你的话。The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。However you travel, itll take you at least two days. 无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。54. It is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that

25、the children should go to bed.56.ought to 和 should 区别1. ought to 和 should 都表示义务，意思为：应该，本该。但 ought to 强调道义、法律所规定的职责；而 should 一般是表示说话者的一种主观看法。如：We ought to respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊敬老师和父母亲。We should work hard. 我们应该努力工作。2. ought to 和 should 接动词的完成时，表示该做的事而未做，常含有对对方的责备。如：You ought to / sho

26、uld have finished your work yesterday. 你本应该在昨天就把工作完成了。I should have visited you if I had known your address. 要是我知道你的地址，我早该来拜访你了。61.such的用法见打印 this和that作副词时的用法代词this和that也可用作副词，相当于so。如：Is it this hot every day? 每天都这样热吗? I didnt think it would be this easy. 我没想到会这样容易。I cant believe he was that good an

27、 actor. 我简直不敢相信他是那么好的一位演员。 62. prove的用法prove sth. (to sb.)证实，证明1.They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.他们希望这个新证据可以证明她的清白。Just give me a chance and I will prove it to you.只要你给我个机会，我会证明给你看。2.Prove a point prove ones point 向其他人证明自己是对的He felt he needed to prove his point.What are you tryi

28、ng to prove?3. Prove+that-clauseThis proves (that) I was right.4. prove+wh-clauseThis just proves what I have been saying for some time. 这恰好证实了长久以来我说的。作为一个系动词，意为“是”Prove+adj.The opponent proved too strong for him. 这个对手过于强劲使得他难以招架。 prove+n.Shares in the industry proved a poor investment.事实证明投资这个行业的股票

29、是一个失败。Prove to inf.(infinitive 不定式)The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.这次提升最后证明是他职业生涯的一个转折点。 64. asas句型67.refresh(vt,vi) 使精神抖擞,使精神振奋;使焕然一新,翻新;使记起,提醒I think Ill just refresh myself with a cup of tea before I go to meet the children. 我想在见孩子们之前先喝杯茶来恢复一下精神。Please refresh my memory a

30、s to where weve met before. 请提示一下，以前我们在什么地方见过。refreshed He awoke feeling completely refreshed. 他醒来感到彻底恢复了精力。Renew 重新开始,更新;延长(执照,合同等的)有效期,使续签;恢复,重新建立关系He believes the peace talks will be renewed soon. 他相信和平谈判不久将会重新开始。He renewed his attack on government policy towards Europe. 他重新开始对政府的欧洲政策进行抨击。When th

31、e two men met again after the war they renewed their friendship. 两个人在战争结束后再次见面时重归于好。In December 1989 Syria renewed diplomatic relations with Egypt. 1989年12月,叙利亚和埃及重新建立了外交关系。Larrys landlord threatened not to renew his lease. 拉里的房东威胁说不跟他续租。The job was for a fixed term and the contract is not being renewed. 这个工作有固定期限，而且合同不能续签。I must renew my membership of the sailing club. 我必须延续我的航海俱乐部会员的资格。Drivers have ten days grace to renew their licenses. 驾驶员更换执照有10天的宽限期。I must renew the book. 我必须续借这本书. The most important t