小升初小学英语语法复习要点归纳.docx

1、小升初小学英语语法复习要点归纳小升初英语复习要点归纳 一、名 词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读，浊辅音和 元音后读z。b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：

2、iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：z。d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：z。e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es读音：z如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2) 无生命的+s读音：z如：photo-photosradio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,

3、 policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤： 如是am、is或was原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看b

4、e动词 如是are或were加s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _him _this _ her _ watch _ mango_child _ photo _ diary _ day_foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_leaf_ people_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Are there two( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.

5、（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Herere five( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.（5）This( violin ) is hers. Those( grape ) are over there.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2

6、、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳the moon月亮the earth地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城（6）用

7、在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练：1、用a或an填空。 _ “U” _ ice-cream _goalkeeper _ teapot _apple _office _English book _umbrella_unit _hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is

8、_girl behind _tree?（2） _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter.（3）This is_ orange. _ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor.三，数 词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1

9、、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortiet

10、h “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88eighty-eighth练一练：1、请翻译下列短语。 （1）60名学生 （2）15本英语书 （3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子 （5）12月31 （6）6月2日 （7）第九周 （8）40年前 （9）11+7 （10）上学第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one- two- three- nine- fourteen- twenty- thirty-five- eighty-one四、代词代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）

11、；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine.That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。 请牢记下表：二、代词人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词(短)名词性物主代词（长）我Ime my mine你 you you your yours他 he him his his她 she her her hers我们 we us

12、 our ours你们 ou you your yours他们 they them their theirs口诀：主格应该作主语，放在句子的开头;宾格应该作宾语，放在动词介词后；形容词性的物主代词不能单独用，必须接名词或其他词；名词性的物主代词，单独使用就可以。1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_ she（形容词性物主代词）_ we（名词性物主代词）_ he（复数）_ us（单数）_ theirs（主格）_ its（宾格）_ 2、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I

13、 )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes

14、are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is

15、 a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er最高级：the +est两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：

16、late - later（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/w

17、ell better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow 2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as _ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are _( big )

18、 than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is _ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as _（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have _ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump _ ( far ) than some of the b

19、oys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes _ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets _and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示时间的介

20、词有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at tenoclock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20053、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达

21、），take part in（参加）。练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) Whats this _ ( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is _ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well_ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds_ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet_ ( at, o

22、n, in ) the bus stop_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat _ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is_ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live _ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain _ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is

23、 good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. 3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? 5) Womens Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning. 7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me o

24、n my English? 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? 七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些

25、很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。用恰当的be动词填空。 练一练： 1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1）I _ a boy. _ you a