口腔医学专业英语题库四川大学华西口腔医学院Word格式.docx

1、这种感染可能由下列三种途径引起：根尖周、牙周膜、冠周。4. Salivary glands may be involved by tumors, cyst , sialadenitis from infection , sialoductitis with subsequent strictures of the ducts.涎腺可罹患肿瘤、囊肿、感染所致的涎腺导管炎，及其后遗的导管狭窄症。5. The lower jaw is more exposed to violence and consequently is more often fractured than any other fa

2、cial bone.下颌骨更加容易暴露于外界暴力中，因此比所有其它的面部骨都更经常发生骨折。6. The common diseases of the temporo-mandibular joint are subluxation dislocation and ankylosis. The infection of this joint is rare.普通疾病会造成颞下颌关节半脱位或脱臼和关节僵直是很非常少见的。7. Nearly all of the tumors and cysts which can arise in any part of the body may be foun

3、d in or around the mouth, except those which are peculiar to certain organs.几乎全部肿瘤和囊肿会发生在身体的任何部位或嘴巴周围，除非某些特殊的肿瘤才会发生在特定的器官。8. The object in undertaking such reparative procedures is the restoration of function or the improvement of appearance or both. Included within the group which may require recon

4、structive procedures are congenital malformations, traumatic injuries, deformations due to operation for neoplasms , destruction of tissue incident to disease, or the treatment of disease. 被用来使用修复程序的对象是为了恢复功能或是促进美观或是两者兼具。包含了天生畸形、创伤性的伤害、肿瘤治疗、去除病变的组织或是疾病的治疗。9. It includes also those oral or extraoral

5、operations which are indicated for the restoration of lost bone, teeth or the insertion of retentive devices for dentures.用来修复失骨和失牙或是义齿的固位装置包含在口腔和口外的手术10. The maxillary right central and left lateral incisors had Class 1 mobility3; the maxillary left central incisor had an oblique4 fracture line thr

6、ough the distal portion of the crown.上合右中切牙和左侧切牙属于1分类松动3度;上合左中切牙在牙冠远中部分有一个斜行的骨折线11. In the treatment of acute osteomyelitis the general rule is to institute antibiotic therapy and to surgically establish adequate drainage.在治疗急性骨髓炎时,全身疗法可用滴注抗生素治疗,外科方法为建立开放引流管道。12. The lower end of the short fragment

7、is generally displaced upward and forward by contraction of the elevator muscles. In addition, Slight inward displacement is more common than external displacement.短部分的下部通常会因为提口肌群的收缩导致向上向前移位。此外,稍微向内的移位比向外移位常见二、anodyne镇痛剂apiciectomy 根尖切除术analgesic 止痛的adenocarcinoma 腺癌anastomosis 吻合alveolalgia 干槽症appl

8、iance 矫正器aggravate 加重恶化advious 迂回的apprehensive 敏捷的 担心的ankylosis 关节僵直appliance 器具 ameloblastoma 成釉细胞瘤advanced 晚期的bur 园头锉contraindication 禁忌症chisel 凿子cancellate 松的cellulites 蜂窝织炎condyle 棵突comminution 粉碎curettment 刮除术coronoid 冠状喙状crepitus 捻发音cripple使残废 circumferential环绕周围的 chondrosarooma 软骨肉瘤dermatitis

9、 皮炎devitalization失活 去生肌detritus腐质dammed up 阻塞的dilation 膨胀扩大deformity 畸形deviation 偏向diffuse 弥散的discoloration 再生dissection 解剖分析demonstrable 可论证的employ使用ethyl chloride 氯乙烷enhance 增强epinephrine 肾上腺素ecohymosis瘀斑extraction拔出erupt萌出elevator牙挺excision 切除effusion渗出exostosis外生骨疣edentulous无牙的extravasation外渗液en

10、ucleation摘除术eradicate根除消灭flap 办片fracture 骨折fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤fixation固定fibroma 纤维瘤ganglion 神经节glenoid 关节窝的hypodermic 皮下hyperthyroidism 甲抗hematoma 血肿hematogenous 血源性的hyoid 舌骨的hypertrophy 肥大hyperostosis骨肥厚hemangioma血管瘤instillation滴注inadvisable不妥当的infraorbital眶下的idiosyncrasy特异性质impacted 阻生的infratemporal

11、 颞下的inward 向内的isotope 同位素jaundice 黄疸lessen 减少loop 环圈lime 石灰laceration 撕裂ligation 结扎lymphangioma淋巴管瘤 lipoma脂肪瘤lymphosarooma淋巴肉瘤lining 榇里medication 药疗法maxilla 上颌骨myxofibroma 粘液纤维瘤malposition 错位malposed异位的mallet 槌mental颏的morbidity发病率masseter嚼肌melanomaco黑瘤muoperiosteal 粘骨膜的muoperiosteum 粘骨膜myxoma黏液瘤myel

12、oma骨髓瘤metastasize转移marsupialization造袋术neurasthenic 神经衰弱的neuralgia 神经痛neuroma 神经瘤nedule小节结notch 切迹nonmalignant 非恶性的ointment软膏 opponent 对抗肌odontoma牙瘤 orthodontic正牙的 osseous骨的 osteomyelitis骨髓炎 osteoma骨瘤osteoradionecrosis放射性骨坏死osteoid骨样的 osteoclastoma 破骨细胞瘤ossify使骨硬化paralyze使麻痹瘫痪 prolong延长 pericementiti

13、s 牙周膜炎psychically精神上地 periostitis骨膜炎 pyemia脓毒症脓血症 preanesthetic 前驱麻痹precipitate 促使加速premadicate术前用药 pterygomandibular翼突下颌 pterygoid翼状的palpation触诊periosteum 骨膜periosteal 骨膜的perineurium 神经束膜parapharyngeal咽旁的 pathognomonic特殊病症的 pyogenic 生脓的peripheral周围的 periodontoclasia牙周溃疡 pericoronal冠周的 precox 早发的per

14、iosteumpapilloma 乳头瘤paranasal 鼻旁的retard 延迟retrieval取回restricted 受限制的retrozygomatic 颧骨后的regeneration再生 rhabdomyoma横纹肌瘤 rhabdomyosarcoma横纹肌肉瘤sheath 鞘succedaneous替代的spine刺 脊柱symphysis 联合sinus窦 sequestrum 死骨supernumerary 多余的salt盐 sepsis 脓毒症败血症subcutaneous皮下的sialadenitis 涎腺炎sialoductitis涎管炎 septicemia 败血

15、症sialolithiasis 涎石形成sialography 涎管X线造影技术swallow 吞咽splint 夹板 suprahyoid舌骨上的tuberosity结节粗隆 trismus牙关紧闭traumatize 受外伤traumatism 创伤病traumatogenic创伤性的 thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎temporal 颞的tendernoss触痛 torus palatinus 腭隆凸transitonal转变的vicinity 附近邻近三、内科1、In evaluating the clinical features of gingivitis, it i

16、s necessary to be systematic. Attention should be focused on subtle tissue alteration, because these may be of diagnostic significance. A systematic clinical approach requires an orderly examination of the gingival for color, contour, consistency, position, ease and severity of bleeding, and pain.我们

17、必须系统性的评估牙龈炎的临床特点。必须注意些微的组织变化,因为对诊断来说是有意义的。一个系统性的临床检查途径需照顺序对牙龈颜色、外型、质地、位置、出血情况和疼痛程度进行检查。2、当患者出现牙龈炎时,最常见的表现为牙龈的水肿和增生When the patient suffers from gingivitis, the most common signs are edema and proliferation of the gingiva.3、龈沟内上皮发生溃疡是急性牙龈炎的典型特征之一Ulceration of the sulcular epithelium is one of the typ

18、ical signs of acute gingivitis.外科L91、However, if brawny massive induration which pits on pressure, presents in five to seven days with an elevation of temperature in spite of antibiotic treatment, and there is no fluctuation, then that space should be surgically explored.然而，尽管经过五到七天的抗菌治疗，体温仍然高温并且某部位

19、质实、坚硬呈现块状、扪诊无波动感，就需要外科手术的探查了。2、After the acute symptoms have been subsided, the tooth originally causing the trouble should be extracted in order to avoid recurrence or the persistence of a discharging sinus.急性症状缓解后，病灶牙必须要移除以免再度复发或是持续性的窦炎。L101、Many salivary stones are symptomless. It is only when pa

20、rtial or complete obstruction occurs that symptoms develop.许多涎石是无自觉症状的，只有当发生部分或是完全阻塞的时候症状才会发展。2、The obstruction is due to mechanical blockage because of the stones, or periductal infection causing inflammatory edema which results in the occlusion of the lumen of the duct.造成阻碍是由于石头的机械性阻塞或是导管周围的感染导致炎症

21、性水肿，而造成的管腔狭窄。修复L131、Replantation: replantation means the reinsertion of a tooth in the socket from which it has been removed purposely or by accident. The replant fit its socket perfectly and should enjoy a high degree of success.再植术：再植术是指将由于某种目的或意外脱落的牙齿重新植入其脱落的牙槽窝内。这种再植完全吻合自身的牙槽窝,且具有很高的成功率。2、Transp

22、lantation: transplantation means the insertion of a natural tooth into the socket of a recently extracted tooth. 移植术：移植术是指将天然牙植入最近拔除牙齿的牙槽窝。3、The autotransplant （a transplant from one place to another within the same mouth） enjoys a high success rate often with indefinite survival, by vltue of prompt

23、 transfer of the tooth to its new site.Autotransplantations tooth is best performed when the root of the donor tooth is almost completely formed but its apices are still open.The most commonly used donor tooth for autotransplantation to first and second molarsite is third molar.The allogenic tooth p

24、robably was the first transplanted human organ.Teeth have been transplanted for centuries.The tooth inserted may be an old reserved one which has been extracted for a long time, or it may be a freshly extracted tooth from another individual.自体移植物（同一个口腔内从一处到另一处的移植物）迅速转移到新的定植部位有着较高的成功率,但常常不确定是否能存活。当供体

25、牙的牙根基本发育完成但根尖还未封闭时作为自体移植牙效果最好。最常移植到第一二磨牙区的自体移植牙是第三磨牙。外源性的牙可能是最早进行移植的人体器官。牙的移植已经有几世纪的历史。植入的牙可以使很早以前拔除后保留下来的牙,或者是刚从另一个个体拔除的牙。4、Implantation means the insertion of an artificial tooth into a new socket. Acceptable materials may be divided into four major categories, such as metals; polymers; ceramics ;

26、and carbon. 种植术是将人工牙植入一个新的牙槽窝（生物替代品）。能植入的材料可以分为四类,比如金属（钛和钴铬合金）、聚合物、陶瓷（氧化铝）、以及碳。5、Bone grafts are commonly used to restore the bone defects. Bone grafts can be composed of either compact or cancellous bone. Compact bone transplants may be used in the form of solid pieces or in the form of chips. Canc

27、ellous bone is commonly used in the form of chips. The grafts may be taken from ribs or iliac crest.骨移植片常用来修复骨缺陷。骨移植片由密质骨或松质骨组成。密质骨可以整块拿来移植也可以以碎片的形式来使用。松质骨通常是以碎片的形式来使用。骨移植片可以从肋骨或髂嵴上获取L141、The third visit is concerned with obtaining vertical dimension and centric relation. This relationship is fixed and transferred to an articulator. In addition, eccentric relation is obtained , and the condylar guidance path is established. During this visit , it is usually po