牛津英语8Bunit1unit4知识点整理.docx

1、牛津英语8Bunit1unit4知识点整理牛津英语8B unit1-4 知识点&语法汇总Unit 1知识点一、重点短语1. in the past few years 在过去的几年中 2. at present 目前3. in the future 未来；将来 4. an hour ago 一小时前5. in the bowl在碗里 6. share sth. with sb.和.分享 7. be kind to sb. 对友好 8. wait for the next one 等下一辆车 9. knowvery well 非常了解 10. since I was born自我出生以来11.

2、move house 搬家 12. get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb. 和某人结婚 13.marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁给某人14. since then 从那以后 15. move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外 16. change a lot改变许多 17. over the years 在这些年期间(现在完成时)18. in the town center= in the center of the town在镇中心 19. a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 20. water poll

3、ution水污染 air pollution空气污染 noise pollution噪音污染 21. put the waste into the river把废料扔进河 put away 收好 put on 穿上 put off 推迟/延期22. realize the problem意识到问题 23. take action to improve the situation采取行动改善情况24. much cleaner 干净得多 25. have a beautiful modern town拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇26.most of my old friends我的大多数老朋友 27

4、. move away 搬走28.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋 29. the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变30.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼31.all ones life 某人的一生 32. repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车 33.the changes in Beijing北京的变化 34. over the past century上个世纪期间 35.learn more about更多了解关于 36. plan

5、 to do sth.计划做某事 37. hear about/of 听说 hear from sb. 收到某人来信 38. clean and fresh air干净新鲜空气 39.living condition居住环境 40. railway station火车站 41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交进出城镇 42. another big change 另一个大变化 43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓 move out of搬出44. return from the USA 从美国回来 return sth. to

6、sb. 把某物归还给某人45. go abroad 出国，去国外 at home or abroad在国内外46. at primary school 在小学 47.keep in touch with each other互相保持联络 municate by email 通过电子邮件交流 49.make communication much easier使沟通更容易 communicate with sb.和某人保持联系50. be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于（干）某事 get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化51. tak

7、e place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行 happen发生(偶然发生)52. green hills all around 到处都是绿山 53. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心54. on ones own = by oneself = alone独自55、throw rubbish扔垃圾 56、in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方57、in their free time 在他们业余时间 58、travel around the town在镇里转转59、have their own car

8、s= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车60.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的公路 61.wide and clean streets宽阔而干净的街道 62.green trees on both sides两边绿树 63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活 64. from time to time=at times=sometimes有时二、词汇梳理1.Ive just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。 (eat-ate-eaten) just adv. 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。 他们刚刚到达。 e.g.

9、 They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。e.g.I went to the library just now. 2.used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。 1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。 e.g. His parents used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？ e.g. Tom used to get up early, di

10、dnt he?/ usednt he? be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 e.g. My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner. be used to do 被用来做 e.g. A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。 3.turninto 把变成 Heat turns water into vapor .热使水变成蒸气。 turn on打开 turn off关 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn around转身 by turns轮流地 in turn依次 tu

11、rn in 上交 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 4.in some ways 在某种程度上 in this way以这种方式 on the way (to )在的路上 by the way 顺便说下 no way 没门 in any way 无论如何 5.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.E.g 1.It is necessary for us to study English hard. 2. It is kind of you to help us.若形

12、容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物, 用for sb.，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。6. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤单feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单 from time to time=at times=sometimes有时abit和alittle “稍微”、“有点” ,修饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中可以互

13、换。alittle 直接修饰不可数名词;而abit修饰名词时,其后须加上of,构成“abitof+n.”结构。例如: HeknowsabitofFrench. abit和alittle的否定式意义正好相反。notabit=notatall,意为“毫不”;而notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”。例如: Heisnotabittired.他一点不累。 Heisnotalittletired.他很累。 a few/few用在复数可数名词之前，little/a little用在不可数名词之前。 e.g.Hetookafewbiscuits.(肯定 ) Hetookfewbisc

14、uits(否定) Hetookalittlebutter.(肯定) Hetooklittlebutter.(否定) 7.because of being alone 因为独自一人. lonely, alone的区别：lonely作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞；lonely修饰地点时，意：“荒凉的，偏僻的”。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。如：He is alone, but he never feels lonely.8.wayin a way 在某种程度上 e.g. In a way, youre right. 从某一点上看你是对的。in some ways:在某种程度上;在某些方面

15、e.g. In some ways I agree with you.在某种程度上我同意你的观点in the way挡道地on the way. = on ones way在来、去或旅行的过程中 She is on her way out the door. 她往户外走。on the way home 在回家路上 (home 是副词，所以省to)on the way to school 在上学路上e.g.Winter is on the way. 冬天就要来到了the way to the key to.the way to the post office 去邮局的路by the way 顺便

16、说一下9. the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化the changes to 的变化 change n.变化，常用复数changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.10. We lived till 1965, when I got married. get married结婚get/be married to sb与某人结婚marry sb与某人结婚，e.g. She married a football player. marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人，e.g. He married

17、 his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb和某人结婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示“已经结婚”用have/has got married，表示“已经结婚多久”用have/has been married for时间段或since时间点。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 years.不能说成They have got married for 5 years.11.The change

18、s to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. bring advantages to 给带来好处，advantage优点；有利条件disadvantage缺点；不利条件 cause problems for给带来麻烦3、 Grammar 现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have / has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。 否定式 疑问式I

19、have not (havent) studied. Have I studied? Yes, you have. No, you havent.You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied? Yes, I have. No, I havent.He has not (hasnt) studied. Has he studied? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成，但强调的是过去

20、发生了某一动作这样一个事实。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间，则一般用现在完成时；如果说明了动作发生的具体时间，带有表示过去的时间状语，则用一般过去时。例如： My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, these days, recently, now, lately, for, since, in the last/past two weeks/year

21、s/days/months, just 等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她从星期一就一直和我们在一起。注意：1）表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lose, fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连

22、用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes.以上三句话可以改为：Its two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.Its 4 months since the old man died.They have been away only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been 和have (has)

23、 gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.3）现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago,

24、 just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen

25、 him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Unit 2知识点一、重点短语1. go to sp for a/ones holiday去某地度假 2. be on holiday在度假3. have been to sp去过某地（已经回来） 4. have gone to sp去了某地（还没回来） 5.join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事 6. get ready for sth. 为做好准备 get ready

26、 to do sth. 准备做某事7. take sth. with sb.随身携带 8. place of interest 名胜9. see each other 互相见面 10. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人11. have a fantastic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快12. get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in sp. 到达某地(没有目的地只用arrive) 13.at the speed of 以的速度 14. through the ride在行程中

27、15.（动词)hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry(名词) 16. such as/for example例如17. later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午迟些时候 18. the best part of the day 这天最好部分19. run after sb.追赶某人 20. cant stop doing =cant help doing 禁不住做某事21. Stop to do something停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing something停止正在做的22. be like magi

28、c像魔法一样23. a couple of = a pair of 一双；一对 24. near/at the end of 将近/在结束的时候 25. in the end=finally 最后 26. by the end of到.为止27. during your stay there (名词) 在你待在那期间28.let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物29.go to sp to attend a meeting去某地开会 30.在沙滩上玩play on the sand31. 顺便说一下by the way 32. 邀请某人去野餐invite sb to

29、go for a picnic33.去野餐go for a picnic /have a picnic 34.中国园林Chinese gardens35.自然景观places of natural beauty36.全年去那儿go there all year round(during the whole year)37.在任何季节in any season 38.在一年的那个时刻at that time of year39.去某地出差go to sp on business 40.leave for sp 动身去某地，前往某地42.在一大早in the early morning 43.坐飞

30、机去某地take a plane to sp / take a flight to sp go to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane44.wave to sb.向某人挥手二、词汇梳理1.miss sb. very much 非常想念某人miss v. 1)思念；想念When I studied in USA，I miss my parents very much. 2)错过，没赶上 Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. n. 小姐，后接 姓氏时，常常大写 This is my English teacher, Mis

31、s li. 2.spend the whole day at Disneyland在迪斯尼度过一整天 spend v 1） 度过 I spent my winter holiday in Hainan. 2) 花费 spend + 时间/金钱 on + 东西 spend + 时间/金钱（in) doing something E.g. I spent an hour on my homework yesterday. I spent an hour in doing my homework yesterday. 3.On the way 在路上 on the way to + 地点 在去的路上 on ones way to + 地点 在某人去的路上 注意：遇到 home/here/there 等地点副词时省略to4. see sb. playing on the sand看到某人正在沙滩上玩