英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx

1、英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案（英语）高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭气)

2、 too. Vulture (秃鸳) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of mos

3、t predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressors eyes and face. Opossum (负鼠) In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become dead, they dont have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out wit

4、h the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they wont move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hoatzin (磨雉) Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bir

5、d of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and its the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Millipedes (千足虫) Millipedes are tricky

6、. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers. Sea Hare (海兔) The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, s

7、o its not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to pred

8、ators. Researchers using lobsters (2-f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they dont know how appealing it is.（1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by _. A.becoming

9、plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB.giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC.releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD.giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.The vultu

10、re carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B.The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C.The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as stink bird.D.The gas released by millipede was basically harmless.（3）The species that enjoys more than one defense

11、 mechanism is _. A.vultureB.opossumC.millipedeD.sea hare【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Sea Hare (海兔)部分中的“The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。故

12、选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据Opossum (负鼠)部分中的“In order to become dead, they dont have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.”可知

13、，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据Millipedes (千足虫)部分中的“Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。然而，它们也会释放出有害 的眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理

14、解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne,

15、Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法). Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp

16、 basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMITs Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “Y

17、ou need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to re

18、cognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected. “If math doesnt require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of

19、both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic

20、operations, requires a more complex level of processing. Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered? A.

21、The relationship between brain size and brain power.B.Long-term rules and short term working memory.C.Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.D.Bees can do basic mathematics.（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees numerical cognition _. A.requires addition and subtraction two complex processingB.ha

22、s a possible effect on the future development of AIC.only involves their short-term working memoryD.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.Bees can recogize the exact number.B.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.Numerical cognition has b

23、een found in many more species.D.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB.New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD.The Rel

24、ationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。发表在科学进展(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法

25、).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。”可知，RMIT大学 的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“If math doesnt require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我

26、们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，Adrian Dyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic o

27、perations, requires a more complex level of processing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, publ

28、ished in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。发表在科学进展(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。”故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One spring day, once the flowers h

29、ave begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋) and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While youre thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me. A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three mi

30、les from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready

31、to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our be

32、e may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me. The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. LiterallyI never go bad. Alas, my good health is not guaranteed.