中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题四 代词.docx

1、中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题四 代词专题四 代词一、 代词概述代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。二、代词分类英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。1、 人称代词及其用法1）人称代词主格和宾格人称单、复数主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称单数hehimsheheritit复数theythem2） 人称代词的用法1 人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。例如：She likes watching movies.她喜欢看电影。They have be

2、en to America twice.他们到过美国两次。2 人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。例如： We listen to them and they help us.我们听他们，他们帮我们。-Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.谁在敲门？是我。2、 物主代词及其用法 1）形容词性和名词性物主代词人称单、复数形容词性名词性词义第一人称单数mymine我的复数ourours我们的第二人称单数youryours你的复数youryours你们的第三人称单数hishis他的herhers她的itsits它的复数theirtheirs他们的 2

3、）物主代词的用法 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。 例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.这是我的书。你的书在那里。 They are our new friends.他们是我们的新朋友。 名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。 例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?这是我的词典。你的（词典）在哪里？ My idea is just the same as

4、 his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的（想法）。3、反身代词及其用法 1）反身代词的构成人称单、复数词形词义第一人称单数myself我自己复数ourselves我们自己第二人称单数yourself你自己复数yourselves你们自己第三人称单数himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数themselves他们自己2）反身代词的用法 反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。 例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。 They did the job all by themselves.这

5、件工作他们完全是自己做的。2 反身代词常用词组例如：teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 hurt oneself伤了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself苏醒 by oneself单独；亲自4、 指示代词及其用法1） 指示代词：单数this（这）、 that（那）；复数these（这些）, those（那些）2） 指示代词的用法1 this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.这是我的朋友。这些

6、是他的新书。2 that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。例如：Look！That girl in red is Kate.瞧！那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。3 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是玛丽，您是琼斯夫人吗？5、 不定代词及其用法 不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词，在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式，分别列表如下。1） 表一：初中阶段常见的简单的不定代词不定代词常用词义some，any一些（人或物）；任何（人或物）many，much许多（人或物）few，little几乎没有

7、（人或物）a few，a little有少数或少量（人或物）both两者都all三者及以上都either两者之一；或者或者neither两者都不none三者及以上都不another三者以上中的任意一个one一个other，others其他的（泛指）the other，the others其他的（特指）表二：复合不定代词onebodythingsomesomeone某人somebody某人something某事anyanyone任何人anybody任何人anything任何事nono one没有人nobody没有人no thing没有东西everyeveryone每人everybody每人eve

8、rything每一件事2） 不定代词的用法在实际使用中，普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。1 some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there arent any teachers. 教室里有一些学生，但没有老师。 -Would you like to have some tea or coffee? -Neither, thanks. -想要喝茶还是

9、咖啡？-谢谢，两个都不要。2 many 和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。两者均可以和表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用构成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。 How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么会犯这么多错误？ Please speak English as much as possible.请尽量说英语。3 few, a few 和little,

10、 a little. few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。 例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以几乎没有朋友（表示否定）。 I have so little money that I cant afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我几乎没钱了，买不起这本杂志（表示否定）。你能借我一些吗？ -Can I have a few wo

11、rds with you, Mrs Brown? Sure, I have a little time. 布朗夫人，我可以和你说几句话吗（表示肯定）？-当然可以，我有一点点时间（表示肯定）。 both和all。both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。 例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。 either， neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”，neither

12、是“两者都不”，是both的反义词，none“都不”是all的反义词。 例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。（只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可） -Would you like some milk or coffee? Neither. Just water, please.你想要牛奶还是咖啡？-都不要，水就可以。 They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他们都是青少年，谁都不应该获许

13、抽烟。 other, others, the other, the others.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中国其他城市大。 Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷锋乐于助人。 I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有两个好朋友，一个是杰克，另一个是大

14、卫。 I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语，其余的（书）都是中文。 one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以上中的任意一者，还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。例如：This building is taller than that one.这个建筑比那栋高。 I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I nee

15、d another ten minutes to finish it.我已经花了半个小时做这件工作，但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。 复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须注意： a）复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?电脑出问题了吗？ Everybody is here. Lets begin the meeting.大家到齐了，我们开会吧。 b）修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面，做后置定语。例如：Be quiet, please.

16、 I have something important to tell you.请安静，我有重要的事情要告诉你们。6、 疑问代词及其用法 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词主要用法例句who“谁”，主格形式作主语Who can answer the question?Who is the man over there?whom“谁”，宾格形式，口语中往往被who代替Whom/whom are you talking to?whose“谁的”所有格形式Whose exercise book is this?Whose is this exercise book?what询问

17、不定书目中的“哪个”、“哪些”，没有范围的限定；也可用于询问某人的职业What are you going to do?What class are you in?What is your mother?which“哪个”、“哪些”，询问一定范围内特指的人或物Which class are you in, Class 1 or Class 2?实战演练(250) 计分: 1 -Is that man in blue your father? -No, _ is my headmaster.A. he B. him C. she2. -Laura, this is my backpack. Wh

18、ere is _? -Mine is over there.A. your B. yours C. his3. -Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? -Yes, she teaches _ Chinese.A. us B. our C. ours4. -Is David _ cousin or theirs? -He is my cousin.A. your B. yours C. you5. Excuse me, _pen is broken. May I use _?A. my, your B. I, yours C. m

19、y, yours6. -Is this your MP4, Mike? -No, its _.A. his B. her C. my7. We must learn English by _.A. us B. our C. ourselves8. Could you lend me _ bike? I lost _ last Saturday.A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine9. -Who taught _ German? -Nobody. She learned all by _.A. she, her B. her, herself C. h

20、ers, herself10. - Which would you like, bread or rice? - _ of them. Im full now.A. Either B. Neither C. All 11. -_does your cousin look like? -Hes tall and thin.A. What B. Who C. Which12. Believe yourself. Youre better than _. Youre the best. Wish you success.A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyo

21、ne13. Most young people find _ exciting to watch a football match.A. it B. this C. that14. -_ are you talking about? -The Olympic Games in Beijing.A. What B. How C. Whom15. -What about this Tshirt? -I dont like the color. Please show me _one.A. other B. the other C. another16. -Did you enjoy _ at th

22、e party, Jimmy? Yes, Mum. I enjoyed _very much.A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself17. They three were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest.A. some B. none C. all18. There is _ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.A. someone B. anybody C. nobody19. D

23、o you know the girl between Lucy and _?A. she B. his C. me20. -Could you tell me _ to do next? -Nothing more. Lets have a rest.A. what B. how C. when21. -Can we put our sports shoes here? -Oh, yes. Put _ here, please.A. them B. their C. they22. -_did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? -Perhaps to meet a frie

24、nd. Who knows?A. Where B. For what C. With whom23. _ isnt easy to learn a foreign language well. But dont give it up.A. That B. It C. This24. -Hello! -_is Mary speaking. Is _ Lily? - Yes, speaking.A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this25. -Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? - A friend of _.

25、A. you B. her C. mine26There are many tall buildings on _ sides of the street.A. either B. all C. both27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but _ of them can come. A. both B. neither C. all28-Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy _ for me? -Sure. But you must tak

26、e good care of it. A. one B. it C. that29The weather in Hengyang is different from _ in Beijing. A. one B. it C. that30As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after _. A. ourselves B. us C. myself31Never say youre a fool. Everyone is good at _. A. something B. anything C. everything32 I lik

27、e pop music, but _ my father _ my mother likes it. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor33-When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either 34 There are only _ new words in the passage, but I know _ of them. A. some; all

28、B. a few; none C. lots of; a few35 -Who is singing in the next room? - _ must be Marie. A. It B. She C. This 36The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan. A. ones B. that C. those 37 -Two Evening Papers, please! -Only one copy left. Would you like to have _, sir? A. one B. it C. thi

29、s 38 -Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone? -_. I enjoy using QQ. A. Either B. Neither C. None 39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _ in Jims. A. those B. that C. ones 40We cant leave our grandparents by _. A. they B. them C. themselves 41-Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? -Sure. I have _ time. A. a few B. little C. a little42-Is _ here today? -No. Han Mei isnt here. Maybe shes