走向高职考复习序列 第一章 名词.docx

1、走向高职考复习序列 第一章 名词p 专有名词普通名词p 可数名词不可数名词p 个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词p Beijing(北京Karl Marx (卡尔.马克思 China(中国The Great Wall(长城cup(杯子river（河流）child(孩子boy-friend(男朋友daughter-in-law（儿媳妇）man teacher(男老师family(家庭，一家人class(全班同学police(警察people(人民army（军队）group(群，组milk(牛奶mater(水tea（茶）paper(纸rice（米饭）cotton（棉花）furniture（家具）wo

2、rk(工作 advice（建议）weather（天气）fun（娱乐）luck（运气）news（新闻）homework（家庭作业）progress（进步）health（健康）information（信息）构成法读音例词在词尾加-s1s在清辅音后发/s/2s在浊辅音和元音后发/z/1）bookbooks2doctordictors milemiles在词尾加-es1以e,x,ch,sh结尾的加-es2以e结尾的只加-s（e）s读作/iz/1busbuses bocbosesbrushbrushes watchwatches2pagepages horsehorses以f,fe结尾的，则变为-ves

3、ves读作/vz/knifeknives leafleaves以辅音+y结尾的，则将y改成i再加-esies读作/iz/countrycountriesfamilyfamilies以o结尾的，多数是加-es,但少数加-s读作/z/1tomatotomatoes potatopotatoes heroheroes2photophotos radioradios pianopianos不规则变化manmen womanwomen EnglishmanEnglishmen footfeet toothteeth childchildren mousemice GermanGermans概念构成例词有

4、生命的名词所有格名词后加“s”或“s”my teachers deskthe boys fatherstudents books无生命的名词所以格关系of+名词、名词性物主代词、名词所有格The gate of the schoolThe window of the classroom双重所有关系+名词+of+名词性物主代词（或名词s）those friends of theirsan old friend of my fathers考题例析1.Please pass me some pieces of meat.解析此题旨在考查不可数名词的数量表达法。meat是不可数名词。无复数，如果表示多

5、数，量词piece要要复数形式。如：a piece of paper（一张纸）two pieces of paper（两张纸）2.I have three five-dollar notes in my pocket.3.The editor told the newsman to write a two-thousand-word report报告.【解析】这两题考查“基数词+连字符+单数名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词的用法。这种复合形容词常用来表示时间、度量等。如：an 8-year-old boy（一个8岁男孩），a five-star hotel（一家五星级酒店）4.The naug

6、hty boy dropped the coffee cup and broke it yesterday.解析此题旨在考查名词作定语（用来修饰限定另一个词的，只能用作单数）的用法，而非所有格的关系，名词作定语可以用来表示类型或类别。如：a shoe shop(一家鞋店a man teacher(一名男教师5，Whose English is better,Jacks or Johns?解析此题旨在考查名词所有格的用法，表示某人的东西，只要在人名的后面加s即可，再次注意Jacks和Johns是选择关系，而非并列关系。知识链接.有些名词在一种场合下是不可数名词，在另一种场合下则是可数名词。例如下

7、面这些不可数物质名词，但意义有所不同。物资名词（不可数） 个体名词（可数）glass(玻璃 a glass(一个玻璃杯paper(纸 a paper（一份证件）/papers（试卷、考卷、论文iron (铁 an iron（一个熨斗）.一些不可数的抽象名词，当意思转变为代表某一个体时，就成为可数的个体 名词。抽象名词（不可数） 个体名词（可数）exercise(运动 an exercise(一次练习medicine(医学 a good medicine(一种好药beauty（美） a beauty(一个美人.在名词变复数时，下列情况需要注意：1.下列名词在加s后，读音变化较大。housemou

8、thbath（浴）path（小路）2.有些名词形式上是复数，但通常作单数名词用。如：polotics(政治 maths（数学） news(新闻 physics(物理 means（方式.方法） information(信息works(作品、工厂、著作3.有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时后面直接加-s。如：roofroofs（屋顶） beliefbelief（信仰）gulfgulfs（海湾） chiefchiefs（首领）4.单复数形式一样，如：fish(鱼 sheep（羊）deer（鹿） Japanese（日本人）Chinese（中国人） cattle（黄牛.家畜） 5.合成名词，有主题名词时,s加

9、在主体名词词尾上；没有主题名词时，s加在复合名词的词尾上：有主体名词 comrade-in-arm（战友）comrades-in-armpasser-by(过路人 passers-bylooker-on（旁观者） lookers-on没有主体名词hold-up(靠山 hold-upsgo-between(中间人go-betweensgrown-up(成年人 grown-ups6.当man,woman作定语时，它的单复数形式的变化与后面的名词保持一致。如：man teachermen teachers woman doctorwomen doctors7.有些名词单、复数形式词意不一样，如：ti

10、me（时间） times(次数，时代，倍work(工作不可数n. works(作品、工厂、著作job (工作 可数npaper(纸 papers（文件）fruit（水果） fruits（各种各样的）水果8.有些名词只有复数形式，如：trousers（裤子） glasses（眼镜） chopsticks（筷子） goods（货物）clothes（衣服） stairs（楼梯）a.有两个或两个以上部分组成的物体名称，如：trousers(裤子、glasses（眼镜）、chopsticks(筷子、goods（商品）、clothes（衣服）、stairs(楼梯、scissors(剪刀、gloves（手套

11、）、stockings(袜、pincers(钳子、shorts（短裤）。作主语时+复謂b.主语是由a kind /sort/type of(一种+名词、this kind/sort/type of（这一种/这一型/这种类型）+名词、或a portion of(一部分/a series of/(一系列a piece of(一片+名词：构成谓单但；kind/sort/type/portion/series/piece (排序/类型/部分/系列/件有量词，谓语动词根据后面的名词确定。前面有these/those+复謂c动词不定式，动名词，主语从句作主语+谓单eg.To see is to belie

12、ve;Reading is a good habits;What he said is rightd.两数相减、相除+谓单；两数相加、相乘+谓复加：plus或者and减：minus乘：times除：divided byeg.Twenty minus ten is ten.(20减十是10Forty divided by eight is five.(40除8是5Six plus/and six is/are twelve.(6+6等于12Six plus/and six make/makes twelve.tongy 通用.名词所有格需要注意以下问题:1.以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，指在没名次

13、后面加。如：The twins bedroom 那对双胞胎的卧室Teachers Day 教师节2.以s结尾的单数名词或人名应加s构成所有格。如：a waitresss job 一个女招待的工作Charless address 查尔斯的地址3.如果某物为两者共有，则只在后一个名词词尾加s；如果不是共有的，则两个名词后都加s。如：Tom and Kates classroom 汤姆和凯特的教室（共有）Toms and Kates classroom 汤姆的教室和凯特的教室（不共有）4.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的所有格关系常用“s“来表示。如：Todays newsp

14、aper 今天的报纸A ten hours ride 十小时的路程Ten minutes walk 不行10分钟的路程5.在表示店铺、，某人的家时，名词所有格后面一般省掉他所修饰的名词。如：The greens 格林家 the tailors裁缝店eg.Ill go to the doctor/clinic(诊所。应用练习.写出下列名词的复数形式1.park parks 2.map maps3.room rooms 4.bag bags5.watch watches 6.fox foxes7.class classes 8.brush brushes9.baby babies 10.city

15、cities11.story stories 12.boy boys13.half halves 14.life lives15.belief beliefs 16.roof roofs17.photo. photos 18.tomato tomatoes19.child children 20.mouse mice21.sheep sheep 22.Japanese Japanese23.girl stdent girl students 24.man doctor men doctors.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Different people may have different id

16、eas.(ideas2.Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.(language3.I often go to work on feet.(foot不规则变化footfeet4.I know one of the boys.(boy5.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of glasses.(glass6.please give them their photos.(photo7.Are there any watchs in the box?(watch8There are twelve m

17、onths in a year.(month9.Would you like some tomatoes?(tomato10.Look at those people in the boats!(people集合名词没有复数形式11.Look!The women are singing.(woman12.September 10th is teachers Day.(teacher13.Jim has some knives.(knife14.How much are these vegetables?(vegetable15He read some stories about zhou En

18、lai.(story16.The girl under the tree is a friend of Lucys.(Lucy17.Many children are playiing in the park.(child18.She fell off the bike,and hurt both of her feet.(foot19.March 8th is Womens Day.(woman20.There are many beautiful flowers in this picture.(flower21.Miss Gao is one of the most popular te

19、achers in the school.(teacher22.We have four class in the morning.(class我们早上有四节课23.There are many sheep in the field.(sheep24.June 1st is childrens Day.(child25.The men in the room come from Tianjin.(man26.How many zoos are there in your city?(zoo27.I often drink a glass of milk in the morrning.(mil

20、k28.Some of the pears are hard to reach.(pear梨29.There are four bags of rice on the floor.(rice30.The girl in a green shirt is Toms sister.(Tom.将下列短语译成中文1.一条新闻 a piece of news2.六瓶牛奶 six bottles of milk3.十盒咖啡 ten boxes of coffee4.四 张纸 four pieces of paper5.两蓝苹果 two baskets of apples6.两碗米饭 two bowls o

21、f rice7两条裤子 two pieces of trousers/pants8.一篮水果 a basket of fruit.完成下列句子1.The English .book on the desk is my mothers(我母亲的2.The man over there is an old friend of mine(我的一个老朋友of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词3.There are twenty women doctors(20位女医生and thirty men doctors(30位男医生in the hospital.4.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper(今天的报纸。5.Childrens clothes(儿童的衣服 is over there