定语状语名词性从句.docx

1、定语状语名词性从句定语从句学习目标：掌握并熟练运用定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that/as 和关系副where/when/why/as。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担当句子成分。关系代词：that：指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which：指代物或句子，在从句中作主语或宾语who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语whose：指代人或物，在从句中只能作定语,后加名词。as：指代句子，用于非限制性定语从句，偶尔指代人或物（主要与the same

2、或such连用），as在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；关系副词： when 指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因，它们只能在从句中作状语。why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)1) This is the man_ helped me.2) The doctor _ you are looking for is in the next room.3) Do you know the man _ name is Jack4) This is the

3、scientist _ inventions are well-known.5) The building _stands near the garden is our school.6) This is the dictionary _I need.7) He still lives in the room _ window faces to the south.8) Can you tell me the office _ he works9) This is the house _ we once lived.定语从句使用要点：1、关系代词和关系副词的选用：一是找准先行词，二是看关系词代

4、表什么（人、物或句子等），三是看关系词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语或状语），或者说是用关系代词，还是用关系副词完全取决于从句的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。2.关系代词 that 和which的选用：通常只能用that的情况：1)先行词是all, much, anything ,something ,nothing ,everything ,little ,none 等不定代词。2)先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词， the last , any , the only ,few , much ,no ,some ,the very 等词

5、修饰。3)先行词既有人又有物，关系代词应该用that 。4)that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句。1)It almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all _ he knew in this lesson . 2)The first thing _ we should do is work out a plan.3)The boy and the dog _are in the picture are very lovely . 4)This is no longer the

6、 place _ it used to be . 的用法：用来指人或物（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同then.of which互换）1)They rushed over to help the man _ car had broken down .2)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase ,_(=whose price ) was very reasonable.4关系代词as 和which 引导的定语从句的区别1）as和which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如 :He married her ,as /which was

7、 natural .2)as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。3) 当先行词被such，the same 修饰时，关系词常用as 。.注意：当先行词被the same 修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as 引导的定语从句意思有区别。4）as 引导的非限定性从句的常见结构：As we all know, As is known to all, As is said above , As is already mentioned above , As is often the ca

8、se , As is reported in the newspaper The elephants nose is like a snake ,as anybody can see .1）_ is known to all ,China is a developing country.2) He is from the south , _ we can know from his accent .3)Tom was late for school again and again , _ made his teacher very angry . 4) Ive never heard such

9、 stories_ he tells .5) This is the same dictionary _I lost last week.6) She wore the same dress_ she wore at Marys wedding .她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。7)She wore the same dress _ her younger sister wore .她穿着跟妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。5.带介词的定语从句：介词+关系代词时，关系代词只能用which/whom，不能用that/who。1）介词+which/whom。 2) the+名词+of+ which/

10、whom =of +which /whom+ the+名词。3)名词、代词+of +which /whom。4)from /to +where ,这种句子较少。1）He is a good example from _ we learned a lot. 2）I found a book , the cover of _ was new . 3）The old man has two daughters ,both of _ are nurses .4）His head appeared out of the window , from where he could see the stree

11、t . (from where = from out of the window)6. 关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词指代的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when，where, why 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。1）This is the reason _/_ why he was late.2) Beijing is the place _/_ I was born. 7. 分割式定语从句：定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，使先行词与定语从句隔离。1）This is t

12、he article written by him _ I spoke to you about.2）He was the only person in this country _ was invited .8. 限制性和非限制性定语从句：1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。a)This is the house which we bought last month .（限制性）b)The house ,which we bought l

13、ast month ,is very nice .(非限制性)2)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。a)He seems not to have grasped what I meant ,which greatly upsets me .b)Liquid water changes to vapor ,which is called evaporation .注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。9. 定语从句的主谓一致：1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。如：The boy who i

14、s standing at the door is my son.2)“one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。如：This is one of the best books that _ ever been written on the subject.(have/has)3)在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。如：This is the only one of the best books that _ever

15、 been written on the subject. (have/has)10. 以the way 作为先行词的限制性定语从句：这种定语从句通常由in which 或that 引导，而且通常可以省略。如:The way _he answered the questions was surprising .I dont like the way _you speak to your parents .11.特别提醒：先行词是condition（条件）， situation（形势，语境），case（情况）， point，stage（阶段）时，定语从句常用关系副词where引导；where在从

16、句中作地点状语。Exercises:1) Can you think of a situation _ the word can be used注意：先行词是以上名词，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that /which引导。 1）I can think of many cases _ you know nothing about.2) I can think of many cases_ students know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.3）Were just tryin

17、g to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk4）There is one point _we must insist on.12.区别定语从句与其它句子：1）There are many people standing there ,and_ are young men.(most of themmost of which)2）The news that our team won the game made us happy .(that引导的_从句，that不可换成which)。3）When you read

18、the book ,youd better make a mark where you have questions . (where 引导的是_从句，不可用at which.) 1) The school _ he once studied in is very famous. 2) The school _ he once studied is very famous.3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _you asked for.4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked.5)

19、Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked about.6) Well go to hear the famous singer about _we have often talked.7)This is the pen _ I write the letter with.8）This is the pen with _ I write the letter. 9)I said nothing, _ made him more angry . 10 )I have the book about _ you are talki

20、ng . 11)He succeeded in the competition , _made his parents very happy .12)This is the hospital _ he was born in.13)This is the hospital in _ he was born.14)This is the museum _ we visited last Sunday.15)This is the museum _ was completed last year.16)This is the museum _an exhibition was held.英语八类状

21、语从句的用法归纳一、概说状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。二、时间状语从句1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。2.表示“当时候”的while, when, a

22、s的用法区别是：while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用when；当表示“一边一边”或“随着”时，只能用as。另外，用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是B而不能是A：“Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps”A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If3.until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动

23、词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到才”。如：He waited until she was about to leave.他等着一直到她准备离开。I did not begin to work till he had gone.他走了后我才开始工作。4.表示“一就”除用as soon as外，还可用the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等。如：I came immediately you called.你一来电话我就来了。Hardly h

24、ad she arrived when it began to snow.她刚到就下起雪来了。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call.我一干完就给你打电话。5.every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。如：Next time you come in, please close the door.下次你进来，请关门。He didnt tell m

25、e anything the last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.我到家时她已睡觉了。三、条件状语从句1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as so long as等。如：Dont come unless I telephone.除非我打电话，否则你别来。If you watch carefully you will see how to do it.如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。As long as you do your bes

26、t, well be happy.只要你尽力，我们就满意了。2.in case也可引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果”、“万一”。如：In case I forget, please remind me about it.如果我忘了，请提醒我。四、让步状语从句1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whetheror(不论还是)等连词。如：The speech is good, though it could be better.这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。He went out e

27、ven though it was raining.尽管下雨，他还是出去了。2.as也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略a / an。如：Teacher as he is, he cant know everything.虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。3.连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：While we dont agree we continue to be friends.尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。4.whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever

28、等引导让步状语从句。如：Dont lose heart whatever you do.不管你做什么，都不要灰心。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way.不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。注：表示“虽然”的though, although不可与but连用，但可与yet, still连用。五、原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等：They cant have gone out because the lights on.他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。Si

29、nce you are going, I will go.既然你去，我也去。Now that we are alone, we can speak freely.现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。2.除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意“既然”。如：I cant tell you when you wont listen.既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。3.有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点：(1) as与since, now that一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。(2)当表示直接的因果关系，回答why时，或有only, just, all, partly, not, but等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用because。(3) for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。(4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。六、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个地方), anywhe