宋词基础的知识点整理.docx

1、宋词基础的知识点整理宋词基础知识一、词的起源：源于隋朝“燕乐”，成于唐代，而兴于宋。最早的词大都合乐歌唱。二、词的别称：曲、曲子词、乐章、乐府、诗余、长短句。三、词的体式：按字数分三类：小令（58字内）、中调（5990字）、长调（91字以上）。四、词牌：指填词时所用的曲调名。每个词牌均应遵“篇有定句、句有定字、字有定声”的规则。五、关注词牌：词牌本身能反映词的某些艺术特色。如蝶恋花点绛唇鹊桥仙长相思适于描写感情，南乡子破阵子渔家傲适于描写事业等等。六、词的分段1、单词也称单片，全首不分段，多为小令。2、分为两段的词，上段叫上片（上阙），下段叫下片（下阙）。3、分为三段、四段的词，叫三叠、四叠。

2、七、词风比较1、婉约派：（1）题材较狭窄，绝大部分是写伤离送别、男女恋情、酣饮醉歌、惜春赏花之类。（2）词人一般都更注重词的形式，醉心于谐音合律、刻意于雕章凿句、华丽的形式。（3）艺术上，婉约派在形象的描绘刻画方面确有独到之处，尤其是白描手法的运用，能够达到“状难状之景，达难达之情”。 在抒情的委婉含蓄上亦有成功之处，能造成情景交融的艺术境界，显得典雅工丽。（4）代表人物：柳永、李清照2、豪放派：（1）题材广阔，“无意不可入，无事不可言” ，山川景物、记游咏物、农舍风光以及吊古感旧、说理抒怀等都大量写入词中。如念奴娇（“大江东去”）和水调歌头（“明月几时有”） 。（2）语言上，打破了婉约派的清

3、规戒律，不为形式所羁。（3）写景、抒情、议论于一炉，纵横潇洒，造成一种开阔健朗的艺术境界，格调显得清超豪迈，但在具体形象以及人物心理状态的细致描写和刻画上似稍逊于婉约派。 （4）代表人物：苏轼、辛弃疾引用俞文豹吹剑录的一段记载： 东坡在玉堂日，有幕士善歌，因问：“我词何如耆卿？”对曰：“郎中词，只好十七八女子，执红牙板，歌杨柳岸晓风残月；学士词，须关西大汉，铜琵琶，铁绰板，唱大江东去。” 这段话可以说是对于婉约派与豪放派不同词风的形象概括和生动说明。 知识赠送以下资料英语万能作文(模板型）Along with the advance of the society more and more p

4、roblems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_。As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)As society develops, people are attac

5、hing much importance to.随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent a

6、ttitudes towards it.关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。The human race has entered a complete

7、ly new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。. plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a

8、 question, is it a blessing or a curse?_显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：我们该如何抉择?Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial

9、 issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite unde

10、rstandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。When it comes to ., most people

11、believe that ., but other people regard .as .提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_.When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other people think as.提到_问题，仅少数人认为_，但另一些人则认为_。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . There who criticize .argue that ., they believe that .,but people who

12、 favor ., on the other hand, argue that.目前，_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_，他们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为_。Some people are of the opinion that. 有些人认为_。Many people claim that. 很多人认为_。A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people contend that . has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为_有很多有利之处(不利之处)。Thos

13、e who argue for . say that .economic development of the cities.觉得_的人认为，_ 城市的经济发展。Some people advocate that .有些人在坚持认为_。They hold that . 他们认为_。People, who advocate that ., have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认为_的人也有其说法(依据)。Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从

14、中受益的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of . have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同_的人有很多原因。Many people would claim that. 有人会认为_。People who support . give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_观点的人列出了如下原因：_。But others hold the view that .但是，另外一些人则认为_。观点的用词：Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come

15、 up with，set forth, put forward等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that.,.不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_。But people who are ., on the other hand , maintain that.不过，另一方面，_的人认为_。However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case

16、.然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。问题用词：Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。However, some others argue that. 然而，另一些人则认为_。However, there are also some others who contend that.然而，也有人认为_。But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。Some people examine this issue

17、 from another angle.有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly .另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_。According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer . rather than.根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_而不会选择_。Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion.就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)_。Personally, I am in

18、 favor of the former point of view.就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。To my point of view 我认为To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)我认为，优点胜过缺点。For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点_。As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side o

19、f the latter view.在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that. 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即_。If asked to make a decision, I would prefer.如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿_。展现问题篇问题的常用词：question, problem, issueRecently, the issue of . has been brought into public focus.近来，_的问

20、题引起了社会的广泛关注。Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice.现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight and has aroused w

21、ide concern in the public.近来，是否_的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。The issue whether it is good or not to . has aroused a heated discussion all over the country._的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。At present, some people think .while others claim .Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。People rarely reach

22、 an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitud

23、es towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issu

24、e, different people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as .提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_.When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other people think as.提到_问题，仅少数人认为_，但另一些人则认为_.