1、湖北归元寺英文导游词GuiyuanTempleChineseBuddhisttemplesareneversinglebuildings.Theyalwaysconsistofagroupbuildingsfollowingafundamentalpatter,whichcan,however,bemodified.Themainbuildingsandtheirsymmetricallycorrespondingsecondarybuildingsformindividualgroupsandcourtyards.Theentiretemplecomplexisspacious.Thebui
2、ldinginsidethecomplexareusuallysingle-storiedandthemainhallsaresometimesdecoratedwithadoubleroof.Thetowers,pavilionsandhallscanbemulti-storiedstructures.TheChinesetemplecomplexhasbeensubjecttogreatstructuralchangesthroughoutthecenturies.Buttemplearchitectsfollowthebasicprinciplesofsecularstructuresf
3、romtheTangDynastyonwards.Thecomplexesstandonacentralaxis,usuallyanorth-southaxis:east-westonlyasanexception.(GuiyuanTempleisjusttheveryexception.)Themainbuildingsarestrungalongthiscentralaxis,theirbroadestsidesfacingsouthoreast.ThemostimportantandmostfrequentlypresentedbuildinginsideaBuddhisttemplec
4、omplexarethemainentrancegate,thebellanddrumtowers,theHalloftheHeavenlyKings,theHalloftheBuddhaandapagoda.BuddhismissaidtobefoundedinIndiainthe6thcenturyBCbySiddathaGautama(BC565BC486),thesonofanoblemanandmemberoftheKshatriyacastenearthepresentbordersofIndiaandNepal.Buddhismadvocatesthatallthepeoplea
5、recreatedequalandturnsagainstthecastesystemofBrahmanism,soitwaspopularwiththecommonpeople.ItwassaidthatBuddhismwasspreadtoChinain2BC.Atthebeginning,itwasonlyregardedasakindofwitch.About200AD,ChineseversionofBuddhistscripturesbegantoappear,andthus,BuddhistdoctrinesbegantoemergewithtraditionalChineser
6、eligiousthought.From2ndcenturytolate6thcentury,translationandresearchofBuddhistsectswithChinesecharacteristicswerebecomingmoreandmorepopularandmanytempleswerebuilt,whichreacheditspeakinSuiDynasty(581AD-617AD)andTangDynasty(618-907).SomeBuddhistsectswithChinesecharacteristicscameintobeing.Buddhismexe
7、rtsagreatinfluenceonChinesephilosophy,literature,artandfolkcustoms. WhatispresentedbeforeoureyesisacopperstatueofafamousbodhisattvainHynayanaBuddhism.BodhisattvaisatittlewhichisonlynexttoBuddha.ThisstatueistheimageofAvalokitesvara,whichhasbeenpopularwithChinesepeopleormorethan1,000years.Sheiscalledt
8、heGoddessofMercycordiallybyChineseandisregardedasthesymbolofkindness,mercyandbenevolence.WhenwevisittheAvalokitesvaraPavilionafterawhile,Iwillgiveadetailedintroductionabouther.ThiscopperstatuewassenttoGuiyuanTemplebyTaiwanBuddhistsinSeptemberXXXX年.ItshowsthatallChinese,whetherinthemainlandorinTaiwan
9、,areeagerforthereunionofthecountry,evenincludingreligionbelievers.ThebuildingweseenowistheBuddhaHallwhereonecertainBuddhaandhistwoassistantbodhisattvasesareworshiped.ThisBuddhaisAmitabhaBuddha.Amitabhameansincomparablebrightness.AccordingtoBuddhism,timeandspaceislimitlessandthustherearemanymanyBuddh
10、asindifferentspacesandtimes.Butinacertainspaceorinacertainperiodoftime,thereisonlyonecertainBuddhawhoisinchargeofinstructingalllivingcreatures.AmitabhaBuddhaistheBuddhawhopresidesovertheLandofUltimateBlissinthewest,whichwillcomeinthefuture.BuddhistscripturesdescribetheLandofUltimateBlissasawonderlan
11、d,inwhichnopainexistsandthepeopleenjoytheirlives.Inoneword,itsveryattractive.Somepeoplewillthinkitmustbeverydifficulttoentersuchaworld.HowcanIgotosuchaparadise?MaybeIhavetoworkhardandbearalotofsufferings.Infact,itsveryeasytoentertheworld.HeonlyneedoftenmurmurMayBuddhapreserveussincerely.Itsenough. Y
12、ousee,thestatueinthemiddleistheveryBuddha.OnhisleftistheGoddessofMercy.OnhisrightistheotherbodhisattvawhofollowstheBuddha.Itissaidthathecansaveallthelivingcreaturesfromthreekindsofterribledisasters.Now,letsstepintotheBuddhistscripturesPavilionwherethescripturesofBuddhismarekept.ButImafraidwhatattrac
13、tsourattentionatthefirstsightmustbethissnow-whitestatue.ItisastatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhism.Thisstatuewascarvedoutofabigpieceofjadewhichis2-meter-tallandweighs3tons.ItwascarvedbyMyanmarhandicraftsmenanddonatedtothetemplebytheRangoonBuddhistsinXXXX年.Ifwewatchthestatue,wemaysensethatthepeacefu
14、lexpressionontheBuddhasfacehasbroughtustoaquietandharmoniousstate.ThelastbuildingwewillvisitistheAvalokitesvaraPavilioninthenorthyard.Whenweenteredtheyardjustnowwesawastatueofher.NowIdliketointroducehercarefully.Asagoddess,shesworethatshewouldnotbecomeaBuddhauntilallthelivingcreaturessufferingfrompa
15、insweresaved.SoshebecameabodhisattvawhoismostpopularamongthepeopleandattractsthemostbelieversofallthegodsandgoddessesinBuddhism.Itwassaidthatonewouldbesavedfromtroubleanddisasteraslongashe(she)chantedhernameandifitwasheardbyher.ThussheiscalledGuanshiyin,whichmeanshearingorlookingonthevoicesofthesuff
16、ering.BecauseofherkindheartandbenevolenceshegotanothertitletheGoddessofMercy. AccordingtoBuddhism,bodhisattvaseshavenodistinctionofsex,thatis,theyareneithermalenorfemale,becausetheyareimmortals.Butitsverystrangeandinterestingthatmostofbodhisattvaseswereengravedorcarvedintheimagesofvariouskindsofmeni
17、nhumansociety.Changesdidnttakeplaceuntilanemperorsmotherthoughtitwasinconvenienttoworshipamalebodhisattvainherbedroom.Fromthenon,Guanshiyin,thebodhisattvasbegantoappearbeforeherbelieversintheimageofabeautifulandelegantlady.Wellpayavisittoaveryserious,sacredplace.Generally,theplaceisregardedasthemost
18、holybyBuddhists.ItistheGrandHall,wherethefounderofBuddhism,Sakyamuniisworshiped.ItisalwaysthecenterofaBuddhisttempleinconstructionandinBuddhistsmind.ThestatueinthemiddleisSakyamuni.AccordingtoBuddhismhismothergavebirthtohiminagarden.HebelongedtoKshatreyaCaste.Hemarriedhiscousinwhenhewas16or17yearsol
19、d.Attheageof29,hewasconfrontedwiththesightsofanoldman,asickman,acorpse,andawanderingascetic.Witheyesopenedtoaspectsoflifenewlyrevealedtohim,hebrokefromthematerialworldandbecameanascetic.Sixyearslater,hegaveupmysticconcentrationthatatlastbroughthimenlightenmentunderabotree.Hethenfoundedanorderofmendi
20、cantsandspenthisnext45yearspreachinghisideasuntilhisdeath.ThesetwostatuebesidetheBuddhaarehistwodisciples.TheoneontherightwassaidtobeSakyamuniscousinandhehadgoodmemorysothathecouldrememberalltheBuddhatoldhisdisciples.TheoneontheleftwassaidtobethelordofBrahmnismandheoncewasSakyamunistutor.Butafterwar
21、dshewasconvincedbyBuddhismafterlong-termdebatebetweenBuddhismandotherreligionsandheacceptedSakyamuniashistutor.ThushebecametheeldestoneofallSakyamunisdisciples. Next,wellpayavisittotheAhratHallinthesouthcourt.TheAhratHallisanimportantstructureinaBuddhisttemple.ButnotalltempleshaveanAhratHall,especia
22、lly,well-keptAhratHallsareveryrareinChina.Thisoneisamongthem,andwhatsmore,ithasitsownuniquecharacteristics.Generally,anAhratHallisasquarebuilding.Thebuildingissubdividedintofoursmallsquarecourtssothatthehallcangetenoughsunlight.ThiskindofstructureshowsomeluckyimpliesinChineseBuddhistculture.Anotherc
23、haracteristicaboutthehallliesinthesesculpturesthemselves.Theywereneithermadeupofwood,norstone,norclay.Aspecialwaywastakeninmakingthem,whichcouldpreventsthemfrombeingburned,beingsoakedorbeingeatenbyinsects.AllthesculptureswerefloatinginwaterwhileWuhanwasfloodedinXXXX年,but,surprisingly,theyweresoundan
24、dsafeafterthefloodhadreceded.Itwasreallyawonder.AhratsaretheimmortalsinBuddhism.Butwhenyouhavealookaroundthesculptures,youmayfindfromtheexpressionsontheirfacesthattheyaresofamiliartoyou.Thatsonlybecausetheyweremoldedonthebasisofthepeopleinthereality,sotheyarehumanbeingsinourdailyliferatherthanimmort
25、als.Ahratsarethesymbolsofharmony,happiness,andgoodluck,sotheWuhannativeshavegotusedtocountingahratssinceancienttimetoprayforpeace.Thereareafewwaysofcountingahrats.Wecancountfromthefirstahratfromlefttorightorfromrighttoleft,whenwejustenterthehall.Wecanalsochooseanyahratasourstartingpoint,andcountinth
26、esameway,lefttorightorrighttoleft.Weshouldbasecountingonourownageswhateverwetake.Forexample,Im25,soIshouldstopinfrontofthe25thahratfromthestartingahrat.ThesculptureinfrontofwhichIstopismyluckyahrat.Myluckyahratwillaccompanymetospendapeacefulandluckyyear.Wouldntyouliketohaveatrynow?Ifyouneed,Icanexplainconnotationofsomeahrats. ThatsallfortheexplanationtoGuiyuanTemple.Thankyouforyourcooperationandunderstanding.Youwillhaveanother30minutestohavealookaroundthetemple.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,doletmeknow.Iwouldliketorepeatourbusnumber,AXXXX年.Pleasedontforget.Seeyoulater.
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