专题十八 阅读填句.docx

1、专题十八 阅读填句第五部分 特色题型专题十八阅读填句高考试题Passage 1根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013新课标全国)Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to m

2、ake a profit(利润)that is,they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.1. Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.2.Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and control

3、 of the operations of a business.3. One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment,materials and supplies; and accounting.4. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primar

4、ily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority.5.A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C.Examples of nonprofit business

5、es include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D.However,some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E.Planning in business management has three main aspects.F.In the theory of business management,organization has two main aspects.G.The second

6、 aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.答案及剖析:1.D上文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。由下文“Commonly called nonprofits”,可知此处应表示语意的转折,介绍非营利性商业机构。故选D项。2.C上文提到了非营利性商业机构,此处应是对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。故选C项。3.E上文解释了商业管理,下文具体介绍商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面,因此本句应指出商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。4.G前一句为第一个方面,后一句为第三个方面,因此本句应介绍第二个方面,故选G项。5.A本

7、段第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧:planning,direction和control。本句前已提到前两个技巧,因此此处应该是有关control的内容。故选A项。Passage 2根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013新课标全国)Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach1.,so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and cou

8、rses,here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.Focus on positivesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you are

9、nt doing well.2.,so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do.3.If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts,walk away! Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.4.As far

10、 as were concerned,there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly,good public speaking training should treat you as a special one,with your own personal habits.5. Your training course should help

11、 you bring out your personality,not try to turn you into someone youre not.A.You arent like anybody elseB.You already do lots of things wellC.Turn your back on too many rulesD.Check the rules about dos and dontsE.Whatever the presentation,public speaking is toughF.The one thing you dont want is for

12、them to fall asleepG.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse答案及剖析:1.E由下文“so get help”可知,此处指遇到困难的事情。故选E项。2.B由本段标题Focus on positivies以及下文so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do可知答案为B项。3.C由下文中的“dos and donts”以

13、及“no hard and fast rules”等信息可知应选C项。4.G由上文“你的大脑已装满了要谈的内容”可知,此处指“强行记住整套规则只会使事情更糟”。故选G项。5.A由本段标题You are a special person not a clone及本段中的“a special one”可知应选A项。Passage 3根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013北京)UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and di

14、ed without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.1. In fact,nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of peo

15、ple live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.2. The process of urbanizationthe migration(迁徙) of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1900,fewer than 40% of America

16、ns lived in urban areas.Today,over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.3.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.4.Until modern times,t

17、hose living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Ove

18、r the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.5.Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in sma

19、ll towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago,only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed

20、social relations and the health of human beings.答案及剖析:1.E结合上一句以及下一句的内容可知,此处是按时间顺序叙述城市化的进程的,且E项中的“only a few people could live in cities.”与下一句中的“nearly everyone lived on farms” 相呼应。2.D上一段的后半部分提到英国在20世纪成为第一个城市化社会,本段第一句提到英国仅仅是开端,由此可知不久以后许多其他工业国家也成为了城市化社会。3.B结合前两句中提到的82%和2%可知,此处应叙述其余的人居住在何处。4.A根据前两句的内容,

21、尤其是“Large cities were impossible”可知,受农业社会的限制,当时的城市规模很小。本段后半部分提到的当时的城市规模受限于剩余食物的数量也是线索提示。5.F上一句中提到工业革命打破了城市和农村的平衡,再结合下一句中的“one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.”可判断此项正确。Passage 4根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013辽宁)ForgivenessTo forgive is a virtue,but no on

22、e has ever said it is easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.However,forgiveness is possible,and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.People who forgive show less sadness,anger and stress and more hopefulness,accordi

23、ng to a recent research.1. Try the following steps:Calm yourself.2. You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature,or someone you love.Dont wait for an apology.Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.They may have

24、wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way.3. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者).Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.Instead

25、of focusing on your wounded feelings,learn to look for the love,beauty and kindness around you.4. If you understand your offender,you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness,fear,and even love.You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Dont forget t

26、o forgive yourself.5. But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.A.Why should you forgive?B.How should you start to forgive?C.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.D.Try to see things from your offenders angle.E.For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.F.To mak

27、e your anger die away,try a simple stress-management technique.G.If you wait for people to apologize,you could be waiting an awfully long time.答案及剖析:1.B本句起到承上启下的作用,根据“Try the following steps.”可知答案,B项以问句的形式引出下文。2.FCalm yourself与F项中的To make your anger die away,try a simple stress-management technique.

28、从意思到结构都是一致的,故应选F。3.G根据上文中的Dont wait for an apology.可知,G项中的If you wait for people to apologize.与上下文一致。4.D根据If you understand your offender以及from your offenders point of view可看出,作者告诉我们要“从冒犯者的角度看问题”。故应选D。5.E本段标题为Dont forget to forgive yourself与E项中的forgiving themselves一致,并且E项与后面的句子之间正好是转折关系。故应选E。Passage

29、 5根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2012新课标全国)Kids health:Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time.1. Some ways of dealing with stresslike screaming or hitting someonedont solve (解决) much.But other ways,like talking to someone you trust,can lead you to solving

30、your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult,such as a parent or other relatives.2. They might have had similar problems,such as dealing with a t

31、est,or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Dont take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh,dear,thats not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Dont take it out on yourself.3.(3)Try to solve the problem.After youre calm and

32、you have support from adults and friends,its time to get down to business.4. Even if you cant solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps arent magic,but they do work.And if y