呼吸内科常用英语全.docx

1、呼吸内科常用英语全询问病史 12case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a hist

2、ory of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical,baiurfik,-kl data传记,marital婚姻 status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordi

3、nary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spousesspaus 配偶 health status, menorrhea,menri:月经 (menarchemen:ki:, m- 初潮 age , cy

4、cle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrualmenstrul月经周期 pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions流产 ,premature,premtju, ,pri:- delivery早产, stillbirths死产, difficult labor, family history (any c

5、ongenital先天性 diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹 and children)常用的症状 symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulentpjurjulnt脓性的, copiouskupis green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacioustineis, t- yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea du

6、ring exertioniz:n or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea:pni 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal,prksizml nocturnalnkt:nl dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgiafringldi ; pharyngodynia,fridini 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise mleiz不舒服my

7、algiamaildi 肌痛insomnia insmni 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia disfuni发声困难常见的体征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指 : increased longitudinal ,lnditju:dinl and transverse横向 curvature k:vt弯曲 ,loss of concave knkeiv凹面的 nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx flks, fe

8、i-趾骨,指骨, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis ,sainusis发绀:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin di:,ksihemu,lubin去氧血红蛋白 more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral prifrl外围的,次要的 cyanosis: cold

9、 blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula锁骨上的r klvikjul and axillary ksilri腋窝 lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动

10、过速pulsus paradoxus: 10 mmHg on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis kaifusis 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea ,tkipni: 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration,resprein: sternocleidomastoidst:nu,klaidmstid 胸锁乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narr

11、ow intercostal,intkstl 肋间的 spacetactile触觉的 vocal声音的 fremitus震颤 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapularskpjul肩胛的 line X left/right intercostal,intkstl 肋间的 spacerange of mobilitymubilti移动Auscultation,:skltein:听

12、诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridorstraid 喘鸣 , crackleskrkl发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexiakkeksi恶病质，cachectickkektik恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of

13、appetite, anorexia,nreksi食欲减退常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 体温图 (take ones body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occultklt/ blood test潜隐血试验Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsput

14、um cytologysaitldi细胞学Pulse oximeterksimit 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoralfemrl股骨的 artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen i

15、n arterial blood hypoxemia,haipksi:mi血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO260 mmHg(millimeters of mercurym:kjuri汞)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hyperte

16、nsion, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO250 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular,njurumskjul神经肌肉 (sedativessdtiv镇静剂 myasthenia,maisi:ni肌无力), structuralstrktrl结构的 (ankylosing spondylitis,kiluzi,spndil

17、aitis强直性脊柱炎), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticularritikjul网状的, linearlini线状的, military nodules粟粒样结节)coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoricmfrik 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacificationu,psifikein浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):

18、confluentknflunt支流的,汇合的 shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影collapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusionmediastinal,mi:distainl纵隔 mass: thyroid ,thymomaaimum胸腺瘤, teratoma,tertum畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphomalimfum淋巴瘤 and aneurysm动脉瘤C

19、hest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography) pzitrn正电子Abdominal ultrasoundltrsaund超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivativedirivtiv 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin)

20、 test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry spairmitri呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO0.75 extraparenchymal variable normalFEV1: forced expiratoryikspairtri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual v

21、olumeKCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration,ekspirein)bronchoprovocation/challenge test,prvkein 支气管激发试验：histaminehistmmin 组胺or methacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation,inhleinbronchodilatation,dailtein支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇slbju:tm(:)l

22、fiberoptic bronchoscopybrkskpi: biopsybai,psi活组织检查 bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic,trnsrsik,经胸廓的 percutaneous needle aspiration,sprein吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peri

23、pheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guidedrkskup 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotopeaisutup 同位素 scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋 CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ndirfi

24、血管造影术)pulmonary angiographyDopplerdpl 多普勒 USS thighai大腿 and pelvispelvis 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influenzpharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgiafringldi 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis

25、急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘

26、allergic rhinitisrainaitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamousskweims cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌dnu,k:sinumbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary m

27、etastasis 肺转移瘤mtstsispulmonary embolism （PE） 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症,rmbuemblizmpulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸,empaii:mpneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸paiu,nju:mu:rkschronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病spjurtiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic dise

28、ase 先天性紫绀性心脏病,saintikcor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病k:,pumnlipulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病en,seflpiright heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化,idipikcryptogenic,kriptudenik 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupuslju:ps狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎system