动名词的用法及练习题.docx

1、动名词的用法及练习题动名词的用法1动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到要16个小时。Swimmin

2、g develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。Its nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 Its no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。It is no use sending him o

3、ver. Its too late already. 派他去没用，已经太晚了。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困难。It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwh

4、ile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。2）作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：swimmin

5、g pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家 working people 劳动人民sleeping child 熟睡孩子3）作表语 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如：His part-time job is promoting new produc

6、ts for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。 动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如：The sit

7、uation is very much encouraging.（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是当飞行员。4）作宾语。如：He is fond of playing foo

8、tball. I like swimming. admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，

9、try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （

10、不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need，require，want作“需要

11、”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/probl

12、em(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语

13、是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。5）动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Having cleaned the rooms we began to wee

14、d the garden. (时间) 打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。 Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间) 进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。 Being ill, he couldnt go to school. (原因) 因为生病，他不能去上学。 Having no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture. (原因) 由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。 Working diligently, you will certainly

15、 succeed. (条件) 只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。 Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件) 利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。 Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步) (尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。 My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果) 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。 Traveling

16、 by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式) 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随) 玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。6）动名词作定语 动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如： a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物 动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠药片dini

17、ng-car 餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。 She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai. = She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. 她乘坐了去的火车。 There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, th

18、e other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2，练习题、单项选择：1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try

19、.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here. - You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5.His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. pai

20、nted；paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.

21、Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old

22、 age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remember _ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；post B. hearing；to postC. be hear

23、d；posting D. be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were15.We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite C. their invit

24、ingD. being invited16.Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? Im trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen18.Id like to suggest _ the meeting till

25、 next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage _ the work without _.A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being done B. doing；doingC. to

26、be done；to be done D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _ the work.A. finish B. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1 r B. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove a

27、s fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I _ it at home. Then I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take B. may leave；takingC. might leave；to take

28、D. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearingD. Having heard26. _ his mother, the baby could not help _.A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing27.Its no use _ so much money on cloth

29、es.A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent28.The sentence needs _.A. improveB. a improvement C. improving D. improved29.If he succeeded _ a job, his children wouldnt be suffering from hunger now.A. to find B. to look for C. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _ to my home town when I

30、 was young.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to take、填入动名词的适当形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I cant understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didnt mind _ overtime. (work)4. To make a living, he tried _, _, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5. We are looking forward to Marys _. (come)6. She was