定语从句课件.docx

1、定语从句课件先行词 关 系 词 在 从 句 中 充 当 成 分 主 语 宾 语 （可省） 定 语 状 语 地 点 时 间 原 因 方 式 指 人 whothat whom whothat whose of whom 指 物 whichthatas which that as whoseof which where介词+ which when介词+which why介词+which thatin which省略 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which: （1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all

2、、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bough

3、t for me ? 宜用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时 关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 （2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。 （3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 w

4、hose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如： Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）关系代词常出现在the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等结构中This is not such a book as I expected.I live in the same

5、 building as he (lives in).Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.As many children as came here were my fathers pupils. the samethat和the sameas的区别I have bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块） （2） as引导非限制性定语

6、从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.Mary was late for school, as often happened.As is known to all, the earth is round. as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别which则不需要，例如：The man died last night, which is a lie.as 替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as

7、many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now （2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。 区别：意义上：as 含有

8、“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。 He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat. 关系副词when与where、why, how, that (非正式) when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which why指原因 =

9、for which How指方式= by which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合） I dont like the way that / in which / he talks. that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。 This is the first ti

10、me I have given you a lesson in French. 必须注意的问题 （1）、关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son. 在one of the +复数名词+定语从句结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject. 在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结

11、构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject. 区别定语从句与强调句 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that is near school.(定语从句) It was in the hotel that we staye

12、d last night.（强调句） He was nearly drowned once. When was _? _ was in 1998 _he was in middle school. A. that; It; when B. this; This; when C. this; It; that D. that; It; that 简析：本题答案为A。由于定语从句的干扰作用，相当一部分考生选了D。这样就成了It was in 1998 that he was in middle school.这样就成了一个强调句型，意为“是在1998年他上的中学”，孤立地看本句虽成立，但联系上下文

13、来看，却属“所问非所答”。因为上文问的是“他何时差点每被淹死？”而非“何时上的中学”。原来when是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰1998。定语从句when he was in middle school 干扰了强调句型中的that结构。定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“。的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只

14、起连接作用。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语) We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.定语从句与状语从句 He left the key where he had been a

15、n hour before.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) He left the place where he lived for many years.(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.(as 引导定语从句) He is such a good teacher that we all like him.(that引导结果状语从句,suchthat “如此以致”定语从句与主语从句 As is known to us a

16、ll, paper was first made in China.(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China.(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句) 关系词在从句中省略的情况 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。 （5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。 （6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词

17、；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） Thi

18、s is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition

19、was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因

20、 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 练习题 1. The factory _ his mother works is in the east of the city. A. that B. which C. on which D. where 答案：D关系副词w

21、here 在定语从句中作地点状语 2. The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 答案：A关系代词which代the place , 在定语从句中作主语，所以不能选B，D如不用he place 就选C，主语从句 归纳：在学习定语从句时不要一看到表示地点的字眼就选where或in which等。 3. Please make a mark _you dont understand. A. where B. in which C. at which D

22、. that 答案：Awhere引导地点状语从句。 4. They talked of things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. that B. C. whom D. both A and B 答案 D先行词为things and persons 为人和事，只能用that ,因为作宾语，故可省。 5. All _has to be done every day is to listen and to repeat what he does. A. that B. which C. whom D. he 答案 A 先行词all 为

23、不定代词，只能用that ,不能用which.此外还有先行词为anything, everything, nothing, any ,little, one, few, much, none等，如：（1） There isnt much that I can do. （2） He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 6. This is the biggest library _ we have ever built in our university. A. which B. where C. that D. one

24、 答案 C 当先行词由形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时用that. 7 This is the first place _Ive ever visited. A. where B. in which C. that D. which 答案 C 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时用that. 8. Is this the very museum _ you visited the other day? A. which B. that C. what D. where 答案 B 当先行词被the very, the only 等修饰时用that 9. She is wearing the sam

25、e dress _she wore yesterday. A. like B. as C. that D. which 答案 C 当先行词被the same 修饰，且指“同一物品”时用that. 10. He is not the man _ he was. A. what B. that C. as D. who 答案 B 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that. 11. Which is the book _you bought yesterday? A. which B. that C. what D. the one 答案 B 当主语从句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行

26、词是who 时用that. 12. I have the same book _you bought yesterday. A. as B. that C. which D. what 答案 A the same 与as 搭配，请与第九题比较。 13. Do you have such a book _ he has? A. as B. that C. which D. what 答案 A as 与关系代词such搭配 14. _ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun. A. It B. As C. Which D. That 答案 B

27、 关系代词 as 引导非限定性定语从句，带地球绕月亮转这件事，表“正如”。不可用which 15. _ is known to all that the earth moves around the sun. A. It B. As C. Which D. That 答案 A It 为形式主语，不可用that. 16. He was late this morning, _made the teacher angry. A. that B. which C. as D. what 答案为B which用于非限定性定语从句，无先行词，代替“他迟到”这件事。不用as 因为无“正如”的意思。 17.

28、 Soon we arrived at the school, in front of _ grew a lot of flowers. A. it B. that C. where D. which 答案D 关系代词前用介词或短语介词指物品时只能用which. 18. He wrote several songs last year, and three of _ were very popular among young people. A. them B. which C. what D. that 答案 A 此句不是从句，而是用and 连接的并列句，故用them. 19. Soon w

29、e came to a small house; _stood a very tall tree. A. in front of that B. in front of it C. in front of which D. in the front of it 答案 B 因为前面用“；”，前后两个是独立单句，不能用关系代词。 20.T he stories about the Long March, _this is one example, are well written. A. for which B. of which C. that D. what 答案 B one example

30、of the stories 21. The old man has a daughter, _a better daughter does not exist. A. of which B. with whom C. whose D. than whom 答案 D 定语从句为 a better daughter than whom does not exist.为了句子结构严谨，than whom调到定语从句前。 22. Do you remember the day _we spent _climbing Mount Tai last summer? A. ; going B. when; in going C. on which; going D. which; to go 答案A 关系代词作宾语时可省去，前空可用that, which 或，后空可用going 或in going. 23. Ill never forget the days _ we played togethe