词根词缀构词法.docx

1、词根词缀构词法构词法一、变名词之职业篇 -er、-or、-ess、-ian精通.人(historian/Christian)、-al具有.职务的人(principal/seneschal总管/aboriginal/vassal诸侯/)、-ant/ent.者（student、attendant、merchant、servant）、-ar.从业者(scholar/liar）、-ard做.的人（coward/laggard落后者/braggart夸张者）、-ary（secretary/ missionary）-ate具有.职责（graduate/candidate/profligate挥霍者/neo

2、nate新生婴儿/electorate全体选民）crat.专业人士（technocrat/aristocrat贵族/autocrat）-ee动作承受者（referee/employee/refugee难民）(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人1)-an, -ain, 表示”地方的人，精通的人”American, historian,2)-al, 表示”具有职务的人” principal,3)-ant,-ent, 表示”者” merchant, agent, servant, student,4)-ar, 表示”的人” scholar, liar5)-ard, -art, 表示”做的人”coward,

3、 laggard迟钝者, braggart(夸张者)6)-arian, 表示”派别的人， 主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian7)-ary, 表示”从事的人” secretary, missionary传教士8)-ant, 表示”具有职责的人” candidate, graduate9)-ator, 表示”做的人” educator, speculator(投机者)10)-crat, 表示”某种政体，主义的支持者” democrat, bureaucrat, autocrat独裁者，贵族aristocrat11)-ee, 表示”动作承受者” employee, exami

4、nee, refugee, devotee爱好者 12)-er（cooker）14)-ese, 表示” 国人，.地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese, Taiwanese 15)-ess, 表示”阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress, waitress, princess 16)-eur, 表示”家” amateur, entrepreneur17)-ian, 表示”地方人，信仰.教的人，从事职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician, electrician, magician, technician20)

5、-ic, 表示”者，师” mechanic, critic21)-ie, 表示”爱，指小” dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)23)-ine, ian, 表示”阴性人称” heroine, ballerina女芭蕾舞演员24)-ist, 表示”从事研究者，信仰主义者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, physicist, phoneticist, technicist25)-ive, 表示”动作者，行为者” native, captive27)-or, 表示”者” author, doctor, operator,

6、28)-ster, 表示”做.事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster2. 形容词后缀(1) 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible2)-al, natural, additional, educational3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent5)-ar, similar, popular, regul

7、ar6)-ary, military, voluntary7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine,feline 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory强制的13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile,

8、 genteel(文雅的)(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义1)-ish, boyish, childish, selfish3)-like, manlike, childlike（与-like区别）4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly, lonely5)-some, troublesome, handsome, fulsome 6)-y, milky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的”含义1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful2)-ous, dangerous, generous, cou

9、rageous, various3)-ent, violent,(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen3)-fic, scientific, geographic, horrific, prolific多产的 (5) 表示方向的含义1)-ern, eastern, western2)-ward, downward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义1)-ble, double, treble, quadruple, quintuplicate, sextuple, octuple, 2)ple, triple3)-fold

10、, twofold, tenfold, seven-fold, ninefold(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义1)-teen, thirteen2)-ty, fifty3)-th, fourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义1)-an, Roman, European2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义1)-er, greater2)-ish, reddish, yellowish微3)-est, highest4)-most, foremost, topmost5)eme, or(10)其他的含

11、义-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless, valueless, neighbour less 3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示”做成，变成，化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示”使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示”使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示”使，令” finish, abolish, diminis

12、h, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward3)-ways, always, sideways4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise4. 其他后缀1) agr农业2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction,3) alt, 含义是“高”， altitude,4) alter, alter

13、n, altr, 含义是“其它，变更” alternate,5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物，生命” biology, biography6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略)7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate浓

14、缩, eccentric(偏心的)10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim公告, exclaim11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture（uncultivated）13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)15) di

15、c, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document17) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect19) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence20) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry

16、, transfer, defer(迟延)21) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine边界, fin 22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加), postfix24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, re

17、form, deform, perform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram, photograph30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit3

18、2) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject, projection, projector34) jour, 含义是“日，一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合，连合” conjunction, junction(连合)36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动，工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选，采集” coll

19、ect, select, lecture, dialect38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活，生存” life, alive, live39) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位)40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger, longevity 42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend43) man, manu, 含义是“手，手法” manage, manual44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memor

20、y, remember, memorial45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度量” measure, meter, diameter48) min, 含义是“小” diminish使减少, minority49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” moveme

21、nt, motion, mobile, remove51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)52) not, 含义是“记号，注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备” compare, prepare55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进)56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depen

22、d, independent, expense(支付)57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone58) plac, 含义是“位置，场所” place, replace59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民，民众” public, republic, popular, people60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)61) press, 含义是“压，压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression62) prob, proof, p

23、rov, 含义是“实验，验证” prove, approve,63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找，探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查，追究)64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank, rearrangement65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect, select, 66) riv, 含义是“河流，流远”，river, arrive, derive源自67) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, ban

24、krupt, corruption, ruin, interrupt68) sci, 含义是“认识，知识” science, conscious, conscience 69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation, sentiment感情, sensitive敏感的 71) sign, 含义是“标记，符号” signal, signature, design, assign分配72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似，类似” similar, resemble, a

25、ssimilate(同化)73) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect75) struct, 含义是“建筑，构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽，掩盖” detect, protect77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间，时机” tense, contemporary, temporal, tem

26、ptation 78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend, expand79) test, 含义是“证明，证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)80) text, 含义是“编织， 构成” textile, texture纹理, context上下文81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉，吸引” attract, tractor拖拉机, abstract摘要, contract(收缩), track轨道82) tribut, 含义是“给予” contributio

27、n, distribute, tribute礼物83) us, ut, 含义是“用，使用” usable, utilize, abuse滥用84) vac, van, 含义是“空，虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空), vaccine疫苗85) vad, 含义是“走，去” invade, wade, evade(逃避) 86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转，反转” convert, inversion(倒转)， reverse, divert(使转向), introvert使内弯87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看，看见” tele

28、vision, visible, evident, interview, survey88) viv, vit, 含义是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival,viva, vigorous 89) war, ward, 含义是“注意，保护” aware, wary(谨慎)， ward(守护) warrior 90) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always11. 表示数量关系的前缀1)表示“单一”，“一”mon-, mon-, monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch, monopolizeuni-, un-, unifo

29、rm, unicellular(单细胞)2)表示“二，两，双”ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)ambitious, ambition, ambivalence bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管)，twi-, twilight3)表示“十”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals4)表示”百，百分子一”?hecto-, hect-, hectometer,centi-, centimeter century, centigrade5)表示”千，千分子一” kilo-, kilometer,

30、 kilogram6)表示”万，万分子一”myria-, myri-, myriametremega-, meg-, megabyteb百万micro-, microvolt (微伏特)7)表示”许多，复，多数”multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万用表)poly-, polysyllable多音节的, polygons多边形8)表示“半，一半”hemi-, hemispheredemi-, semiofficial, demilune半月形的semi-, semiconductor, semitransparentpene-, pen-, peninsula12. 表示特

31、殊意义的前缀1)arch-, 表示“首位，第一的，主要的”architect, archbishop2)auto-, 表示“自己，独立，自动”automobile, autobiography3)bene-, 表示“善，福”benefit5)male-, mal- 表示“恶，不良”maltreatment, malodor,6)macro-, 表示“大，宏大”macroscopic(宏观)7)magni-, 表示“大”magnificent8)micro-, 表示“微”microscope13. 表示术语的前缀1)aud-, 表示“听，声”audience,2)bio-, 表示“生命，生物”biography(传记)3)ge-, 表示“地球，大地”geography4)phon-, 表示“声，音调”phonograph5)tele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先”antecedent, anticipate,