定语从句讲义教师版.docx

1、定语从句讲义教师版模块简介主要应用：本模块主要考察引导词的应用,随着高考英语的改革,英语语法的考点也有所改变,现在主要应用在短文改错和语法填空中模块等级：本模块难度中等,学生的基础稍微弱一些也可以接受,基础弱的学生需要5-8课时（2h/课）不等,中等学生3课时（2h/课）可以基本掌握,基础好的学生1-2课时（2h/课）可以搞定知识分布：每节课需要先讲解10个高考重点词汇辨析,之后讲解语法知识,语法知识中的例句与练习题可以相应练习本堂课程中的重点词汇,从而达到复习的效果习题分布：习题包括08-14年高考题,辽宁省模拟题并且平均练习各个考点通关确保：本部分习题为课后作业,分为牛刀小试,略有所成,炉

2、火纯青等不同难度的单项选择还包括语法填空与短文改错从而达到最高效的练习易混模块：本模块容易与名词性从句状语从句混淆,所以三大从句讲解完毕之后会配有知识点总结与习题练习定语从句【知识清单】【考点一】句子结构简单句（只有一套主谓结构）（1）主.谓 I sleep.（2）主.谓.宾 I study English.（4）主.谓.间宾.直宾 He gave me anoffer. （3）主.谓.宾.宾补 He makes medelighted. （即双宾语结构） （人一般为间接宾语,物为直接宾语）（5）主.系.表 I am a teacher.复合句（有两套或两套以上的主谓结构） The girl

3、is beautiful. The girl has long hair.（1）并列句 表递进：and. not only.but also. neither.nor. She not only dances well but also sings well. Neither do I know his address, nor do my parents.表选择：or. Either.or. You can stay here ,or you can leave. Either you leave or I leave.表转折：but. Yet. Whereas(然而）. Some men

4、are rich, whereas others are poor. He tried his best, but he failed.表因果：so. For. I must be off now, for my sister is waiting for me. I work hard, so I was able to pass the exam.（2）复合句 定语从句：The girl (who has long hair）is beautiful.beautiful划线部分作用相同,即定语从句起到形容词的作用状语从句：(时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较)I alwa

5、ys want to eat something tasty recently.作用相同,即状从起副词作用I always want to eat something tasty when Im hungry. 名词性从句：（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）The news made me crazy.名词the news和主语从句作用相同,皆充当主语,即名词性从句起名词作用（What he said）made me crazy.【考点二】定语从句基本概念定语：相当于adj.,修饰主句中的名词或代词 定语从句：相当于adj.,只不过形式是一个句子基本构成： The girl （who

6、has long hair）is beautiful. 先行词 关系词 n.&pron,&一句话 作用：（1）连接作用（2）替代作用（替代先行词）（3）作句子中的成分 that、 as、which 、who 、whom 、whose:关系代词 充当主、宾、表、定 when 、where 、why：关系副词 充当状语注：定从的关系词没有what和how,在定从中,它们就像过街的老鼠,人人喊打,出现就将其pass【考点三】定语从句和先行词的判断方式定从： n+(_ + V1)+V2 注：根据动词划分句子是三大从句的基本判断方法先行词 ：能够放入到从句中构成一句话（可加介词和所有格）【基础过关】1.

7、I deliver some flowers to a woman _that/who_always appears in my dreams.2. Dont stare at the girl _ that/who _is my younger sister.3. I prefer to take a bus rather than take a taxi_that/which_ is more expensive than the former.4. The story is very moving_ that/which_ is based on a real event. 5. The

8、 house_where_ I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.一、基本函数图象二、关系代词的辨别【知识清单】【考点一】who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的【考点二】whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略 Green is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.注：who与whom都可做宾语,但是若前面有介词,只能用

9、whom,其他情况两者通用 Theman(whom/who/that/不填)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend. 【考点三】whose指谁的,做先行词的定语 指人时：whose+名词=of whom+the+名词 =the+名词+of whom 指物时：whose+名词=of which+the+名词=the+名词+of which【基础过关】1.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _that/who/whom_ I met in the English speech contes

10、tlast year.2.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _whom_left their village homes for a better life in the city.3. Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_whose_lives wereaffected.4. The people _who/that_ are required to attend the meeting should turn up on time.5. T

11、he goods_that/which_ I bought on the Single Day was transported from Beijing. 【考点四】which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.（注：填which、that） Football is a game which most boys like. （注：which/that/不填都可）注：注前面用一句话做先行词,用关系代词which/as引导（常用在非限制定语从句中）【考点五】 as 指人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语一般

12、不可省略注：which和as的区别（1）当先行词有such、the same修饰时用as Ive never heard such stories as he tells.注：such as与such that的区别： Tom is such a boy _as_ everyone likes. such.as引导的定语从句 Tom is such a boy _that_ everyone likes him. such.that引导的结果状语从句从句中如果缺成分用as,不缺成分用that （2）当翻译成“正如”时,用as He opposed the idea, as could be e

13、xpected. ( 3) as意为”正如,好像”,位置灵活,which位于先行词后注：定从中,句首设空必选as. As we all know/ As is known to us all, Yao Ming is famous for basketball as a basketball player to us Yao Ming, As we all know, is famous for basketball as a basketball player to us Yao Ming is famous for basketball as a basketball player to

14、us,as/which we all know 【基础过关】1. The air quality in the city, _as_is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.2. A lot of language learning, _as_has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents shouldtalk much to their children during that period.3. Finallyhe

15、reachedalonelyisland_which/that_wascompletelycutofffromthe outsideworld.4. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _which_made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.5. He recovers his confidence _which/that_ makes him live a better life.【考点六】that指人时,相当于who或whom；指物时,

16、相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略 Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.The person (that/whom) youintroducedtomeisverykind. 注：（1）只用that,不用which的情况（最序不表疑,免重人物重）：a、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时用thatThis is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.当先行词前有only、the very、any、few.等修饰时用t

17、hat This is the very bus that Im waiting for.He is the only man that I want to marry. b、当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时用thatThis train is the last that will go to Beijing.c、当先行词是指物的不定代词everything、anything、nothing、the one.等时用thatDo you have anything that you want to say for yourself?d、当主从句都是主系表结构时Shanghai is no

18、longer the city that it used to be.e、当主句的主语是疑问词who/which时用thatWhich is the bike that you lose ?Who is the boy that you want to go together ?f、当先行词既有人又有物时用thatDo you know the things and persons that they are talking about.（2）绝不用that： a、prep.（介词）后绝不用that,指人用whom,指物用whichb、逗号后（即非限制定语从句中）绝不用that 注：that只

19、用于限制性定语从句中,可指物/人which用于限制性定语从句中和非限制性定语从句中,只能指物注：最常考的是“代高序+恰恰”,前提条件：先行词是“物”、缺宾语时可省略【基础演练】1. This is the most amazing park _that_ I have ever seen.2.In my opinion, its a rare vase _that/which_ most people cant afford.3.I am involved in an activity _that/which_ benefits me a lot. 4.I am upset with the

20、people _that/who_ will be late.5.The headmaster recognized the thief _that/who/whom/_ the police arrested.【题型分类 典题精讲】【牛刀小试】 1、Which of the two sheep _ you keep produces more milk? A. which B. they C. what D. that 2、He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as

21、3、I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 4、Researchers are engaged in developing new energy cars _ are bright with enormous market potential. A. that are believed B. which the experts believe C. the experts believe that D. the ex

22、perts believe 5、The planes _ rush us to destinations around the globe contribute to global warming, _ is often ignored by the public A. that; what B. what; which C. what; as D. that; which 6、He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 7、H

23、e is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 8、The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which 9、Women_ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _dont. A who;/ B /; who C who; w

24、ho D /; /【群英荟萃】 1、2013 陕西_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 2、2011 陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 3、2013 辽宁He may win thecompetition,_ heis likelytogetintot

25、henationalteam. A.inwhichcase B.inthatcase C.inwhatcase D.inwhosecase 4、2013湖南Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. Which 5、2011 福建She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate free

26、ly with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. Who【鱼目混珠】 1、On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that【知识清单】【考点一】when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语I still remember the day （whenI first came tothis school）.先行词. 时间状语 主语 谓语 宾语 I w

27、ill never forget the days when we stayed together last year which/that/不填 we spent together last year【考点二】where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语This is the villagewhere he was born.that/which/不填 he visited last year注：若先行词是situation、case、point时,从句缺少状语,用where【考点三】why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，注意两点：1.其先行词唯一：the reaso

28、n;2.其替代介词唯一：why=for which Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous. Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.【基础演练】1.We live in a high-tech age, _when_ previous information is easy to accept. 2.Its helpful to put children in a situation _where_ they can see t

29、hemselves differently.3.He narrowly escaped death in an avalanche(雪崩) _where_ many people couldnt survive. 4.The reason _why_ he escaped was that he discover explosion. 5.He was admitted to the university _where_ many celebrities once studied.6.I am struggling in the situation_where_ I have to choos

30、e one between my mother and my girlfriend.7.The reason _why_ he was promoted is that he worked hard.【题型分类 典题精讲】【牛刀小试】 1、After graduation from high school we will reach a point _we have to decide which university to attend A. that B. what C. which D. where 2、The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 3