被动语态完全讲解.docx

1、被动语态完全讲解被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式 常见句式是：主语（受动者）be过去分词（by施动者）1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： （1）am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时 例： Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.（2）has/havebeendone现在完成时例： Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted. （3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行

2、时 例： Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere （4）was/weredone一般过去时 例：IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer. （5）hadbeendone过去完成时 例：Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing. （6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时 例：AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere. （7）shall/willbedone一般将来时 例：Hundredsofj

3、obswillbelostifthefactorycloses. （8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时 例：Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived. （9）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用） 例：TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly. （10）should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用） 例：Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon. 2.被动语态的特

4、殊结构形式 （1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 例：Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter. （2）有些动词可以有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例：She lent me a bike.被动： I was lent a bike (by her). A bike was lent to me (by her).（3）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例

5、：Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为：Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette. （4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例：Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为：Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding. （5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可

6、以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例：ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday. （6）主语get过去分词其它成分例：She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者”（7）双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分例：These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.3.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+

7、ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。 being done/having been done; to be done/to have been done例:Idontlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic. 二、主动表示被动的几种情况1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例：（1）This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。（2）These books sell well.这些书好卖。（3）The pen wr

8、ites smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。（4）Meat won t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。（5）The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。2.一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动词是：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例：（1）The apples taste good.（2）The flower smells wonderful.（3）The news proved/turned out true.（4）Cotton feels soft.注：prove也

9、可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例：（1）The problem is easy to do.（2）The question is difficult to answer.（3）The box is heavy to carry.（4）The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The prob

10、lem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：1. I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.原因：反身代词不可作主语。2. We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.原因：相互代词不可作主语。3. He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.原因：象lo

11、se heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。4. She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.原因：象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。四、如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执

12、行者(这时可省by短语)。 例:Mybikewasstolenlastnight. 2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例:IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer. 3.为了更好地安排句子。 Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了） 被动语态考点分析1. I need one more stamp before my collection_. A.has completed B.completes C.has b

13、een completed D.is completed析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2. Do you like the material? Yes,it_very soft. A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。fe

14、el作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3Great changes_in the city,and a lot of factories_. A.have been taken placehave been set up B.have taken placehave been set up C.have taken placehave set up D.were taken placewere set up析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C

15、，答案为B。4. Most of the artists_to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项who were invited,C项who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。5. I dont know the restaurant,but its_to be quite a

16、 good one. A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked析：根据“某人/某物据说”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6. The police found that the house_and a lot of things_. A.has broken intohas been stolen B.has broken intohad been stolen C.has been broken intostolen D.had been broken in

17、tostolen析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7. I promise that the matter will_. A.be taken care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of析：take care of是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。8. If city noises_from increasing,people_shout to be heard even at t

18、he dinner table 20 years from now. A.are not keptwill have to B.are not kepthave to C.do not keepwill have to D.do not keephave to析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。9.The Olympic Games,_in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912. A.first playing B.to be first played C.fir

19、st played D.to be first playing析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。10. This sentence needs_. A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需

20、要被”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11. I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I_invited. A.am not B.haven t been C.was not D.will not be析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn t possible.由于这种句

21、式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。12. _the note_to Mr Smith? No,It is still in my pocket. A.Isbeing given B.Wasgiven C.Hasbeen given D.Hasntbeen given析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。13. We heard it_that he had

22、 gone to New York. A.say B.said C.to say D.be said析：It was said that可以改为We heard it said that(都表示“据说”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。被动语态专练1.The maths problem can be_. A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out2.Every possible means_,but none proves s

23、uccessful. A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried3.The girl is to_a rich man. A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to4.I_ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given5.Will somebody go and get Dr.White? Hes already be

24、en_. A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for6.A conductor_to keep us in time in the singing yesterday. A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed7.When and where to build the new factory_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided8.Ways_to stop pollu

25、tion by now. A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found9._that the sports meet might be put off. Yes,it all depends on the weather. A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.I m told D.I told10.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.h

26、ave offered11.Betty has never been heard _ill of others. A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said12.Tom_to have delivered the speech in their theatre room. A.said B.says C.is said D.was said13.What do you think of the book? Oh,excellent.It s worth_a second time. A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.bein

27、g read14.Little Jim should love_to the theatre this evening. A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.15._more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given被动语态专练答案15、C A D BB 610、C A DAA 1115、C CC A A 被动语态考点分析 1.I need one more stamp before my collecti

28、on_. (NMET) A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。 2.Do you like the material? Yes,it_very soft. (NMET) A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被

29、动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。 3Great changes_in the city,and a lot of factories_. (NMET) A.have been taken placehave been set up B.have taken placehave been set up C.have taken placehave set up D.were taken placewere set up析：take place

30、（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。 4.Most of the artists_to the party were from South Africa. (NMET) A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项who were invited,C项who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。 5.I don t know the restau