英语知识点春牛津深圳版英语八下Unit 1《Helping those in need》word基础教案总结.docx

1、英语知识点春牛津深圳版英语八下Unit 1Helping those in needword基础教案总结Unit 1 Helping those in needgetting ready1. raise v.筹募 raise money意为“募集钱款”。The students are raising money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake. v.增加；提高 How can we raise English levels in a short time? 提高英语水平 【提示】raise是一个及物动词，后可直接跟宾语。其常见的

2、释义和用法还有：(1)使上升；使升起：We can see soldiers raise the national flag on Tiananmen Square every morning.(2)提及；提起：The book raises many questions for readers to think about (3)抚养；养育；培养：Father raised the family. (4)饲养；喂养：I want to raise a dog as my pet 【辨析】 raise与riseraise，及物动词，“使上升；使升起”。一般指日常生活中的事物上升。如：举起了杯子

3、、提高了租金. rise，不及物动词,(rise-rose-risen)。说明一些自然现象的升起。如：日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等.【小试】I.用上述动词的正确形式完成下列句子。（1）. He_hisheadtolook at me.（2）. Thepeopleslivingstandardhasgreatlybeen_.（3）. Hertemperatureisstill_.II.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（1）. Thepricesare_fastthesedays.Nobodycangetthepricesdown. A.goi

4、ngdown B.rising C.raising D.broughtdown.（2）. Theyve_upto20,000yuanfortheHopeProject. A.roseB.raise C.raised D.risen2. permission n.准许；批准 不可数名词 Jim took the laptop without permission. ask permission意为“报请批准”。如： How many times have I reminded you that you need to ask permission first? 我们可以用ask permissi

5、on to do sth表示“征得同意做某事如： She asked permission to leave work early because her daughter was ill. give sb. permission to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，与allow sb. to do something意思相近。 Give yourself permission to take a break, even a little one 【链接】permit v.允许；准许；使有可能 We hope to visit the school if time permits如果时间

6、允许 3. Helping those in need帮助那些有困难的人 in need意为“有困难的”，常位于名词后作后置定语。如： We are collecting money for families in need. A friend in need is a friend indeed（谚语）患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。 我们用in need of表示“需要”。如： The building is in need of repair 4. Read three students reports on their voluntary work. voluntary work意为“义务

7、性工作”。如： In her spare time she does voluntary work她在业余时间做义工。 voluntary为形容词，意为“志愿的；无偿的”。名词形式为volunteer，意为 “志愿者”。5. serious adj.严重的He has a serious illness. There is nothing serious.Everyone knows how serious the danger is大家都明白情况有多危险。【提示】serious还有如下的常见含义及用法： (1)认真的：He is a serious student and works ver

8、y hard. 认真 (2)严肃的：Be serious, John! Dont make fun of me. 严肃点，约翰！别拿我开玩笑。【链接】seriously adv.严重地 He is seriously ill他病得很重。6. illness n.（某种）病, 是可数名词,复数形式为illnesses.He died of a serious illness他死于重病。【辨析】sick与illsick作表语生病的，恶心的His wife was sick in bed with a cold.作定语生病的I helped sick children.ill作表语生病的She ha

9、s been ill for a month.7. organize v.组织；筹备In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter复活节 【链接】organization n.组织 organizer n.组织者8. pain n.痛苦；苦恼The death of his father gave him great pain父亲的死使他很痛苦。His unkind words caused her much pain他说话很刻薄，弄得她很难受。(谚语)No pains, no gains. 没有付出，就没有收获。【链接】

10、pain n（身体上的）疼痛 painful adj.痛苦的；苦恼的9. lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的The darkness makes me feel so lonely.夜色让我如此孤寂。【比较】lonely与alonealone副词。“独自地；单独地”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。I like to work alone 形容词。一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。 She is alone at home lonelylonelierloneliest表语。表示“孤独的；寂寞的”之意，带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的意思。I never fee

11、l lonely when I am with my friends.定语。lonely用作定语时，意为“无人烟的；荒凉的；偏僻的” Thats a lonely island I was alone but I didnt feel lonely (江苏无锡中考)Though his grandmother lives_, she never feels_. A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. alone ; lonely D. lonely; alone10. peace n.平静;宁静I hope to find a little peace of

12、mind.我渴望找寻到一丝内心的平静。Everything was at peace here.在这里，一切都很平静。【链接】peaceful adj.平静的；和平的 peacefully adv. 平静地;和平地11. hurt v. (hurt，hurt)（使）疼痛；受伤Jack hurt himself while he was trying to escape from the policeHe hurt his back in an accident 【提示】动词hurt还有以下一些常见的释义和用法： (1)（身体某部位）感到疼痛：My eyes hurt. (2)伤害（感情）；使伤

13、心：He is afraid of hurting Bettys feelings. language points1. a child without parents意为“孤儿”，相当于orphan。它是一个介词短语作后置定语的结构，即 without parents作定语修饰名词child。类似的结构还有: the dogs in danger有危险的狗 families with only one child独生子女家庭2. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. offe

14、r to do something意为“主动提出做某事”。如： Nick offered to help Jack with his Maths homework. offer的主要用法有：offer sth提出某事I offered a good plan for our holiday.offer to do sth（主动）提出做某事Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.offer sb. sth=offer sth to sb.（主动）给某人提供某物We should offer others our help.3. The childre

15、n there all suffer from serious illnesses. 那里的孩子都遭受着重病的折磨。suffer v.（因疾病等）受苦；受折磨 She suffered greatly as a child. 她童年深受苦难。suffer from意为“因受苦；受折磨”。如：Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games.His child is suffering from a bad cold.This country often suffers from floods and drought.4. I met a

16、girl called Cindy.句中called Cindy是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a girl,意为“名叫辛迪的”.called也可用named来代替。The Kings have a daughter called/named Jessica (姓金一家)【拓展】作定语是过去分词的用法之一，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。 I like the songs sung by Liu Huan 过去分词（短语）作定语相当于一个定语从句。 I like the books written by Lu Xun. = I like the books that were writt

17、en by Lu Xun. (兰州中考)-What are on show in the museum? -Some photos _by the children of Yushu, Qinghai. A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken5. This helps them express their feelings.这有助于他们表达自己的情感。 express v.表达；表露He expressed to us his ideas about the new teacher他向我们表达了他对新老师的看法。【提示】当e

18、xpress表示“表达；表露”之意时，通常不接双宾语。如： 他对她表示了他的谢意。 () He expressed her his thanks. () He expressed his thanks to her.【链接】expression n.表达;表情 express ones feelings意为“表达某人的情感；抒发某人的感情”。如： Mothers Day gives people a chance to express their feelings toward their mum6. We spent time with a girl called Vivien. spend

19、 time with意为“与共度；陪伴”。如： While in Hawaii，Mr. Hill spent time with his wife I spent time with my son and talked to him a lot 【拓展】【拓展】spend还可以表示“花费”。 How much money如you spend each week? 你每星期花多少钱？常见搭配： sb. +spend (s)+money/time+(in) doing sth 某人花费金钱时间做某事 sb.十spend (s)+money/time+ on sth某人在某事某物上花费金钱时间 Th

20、ey spend a lot of time watching TV every day. He doesnt spend much money on food.(2013山东潍坊) -Do you often get online? -Yes. I_ lots of time on it. Its a good way to kill time. A. cost B. spend C. take D. use7. She needs friendship.need此处用作 实义动词，意为“需要”，可构成: need sth; need to do sth。They dont need any

21、 help. He needs to have a good rest. 而need doing sth,表示被动意义。 These flowers need watering.【拓展】need作情态动词时,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt become very nervous. -Must I bring my homework now? -No, you neednt. You can bring it tomorrow. (No, you neednt. = No, you dont have to. 不，不必。)8. My mother

22、and I will continue to visit Vivien. continue to do sth意为“继续做某事”。如： After reading Lesson 9, he continued to read Lesson 10 Though Peter is very busy, he will continue to help children at the local hospital.9. They have difficulty walking or moving. difficulty n.困难；费劲difficultydifficult adj.困难的不可数名词

23、困难；费劲I had no difficulty (in) learning English 可数名词 表示具体的困难，意为“难事；难点；困境；难处”In face of so many difficulties，we were never afraid have difficulty (in) doing something表示“做某事有困难”。如： The students have difficulty (in) understanding the sentence. 若后接名词，则常用have difficulty with sth的结构。如： Some students in thi

24、s class have difficulty with English pronunciation 【拓展】类似的结构还有：have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有麻烦 have problems (in) doing sth做某事有问题have fun (in) doing sth做某事有乐趣 (2013山东聊城)-I have great_ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me? -No problem. A. fun B. success C. advice D. difficulty10. A pe

25、rson with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult. be afraid of意为“害怕，不敢” 后可接名词、代词或动名词。 She is afraid of snakes. I was afraid of going through the woods 【拓展】be afraid还可按不定式结构，即be afraid to do sth.，意为“害怕做某事”。 He is afraid to go out at night. be afraid 还可以接that从句，表示“担心害怕” He w

26、as afraid that he would lose. Im afraid 可翻译成“恐怕”，属于口语中的委婉用语，表示遗憾、惋惜、判断或 表示因不愿做某事面显得语气缓和些，其否定形式为Im afraid. not. Im afraid that I cant help you.我恐怕不能帮助你。运用前缀(prefixes)猜词义（1）. 大多数形容词前加un- happyunhappy luckyunlucky fortunateunfortunate fairunfair importantunimportant healthyunhealthy preparedunprepared（

27、2）. 以c-, e-开头的形容词，多加in-：correctincorrect expensiveinexpensive definiteindefinite （3）. 以p开头的形容词，多加im-：possibleimpossible politeimpolite （4）. 以r-开头的形容词，多加ir-：regularirregular （5）. 有些形容词加dis-：honestdishonest 【拓展】含有加前缀构成的反义形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部分仍用否定形式。 He is unhappy today, isnt he?课堂练习I. 用新单词完成下面

28、的句子。如有必要,须改变单词的形式。1. I hope that our school will _ more outings in the future.2. We have been friends for nearly ten years. I hope our _will last forever.3. The doctor said to Williams mother, It isnt a_ illness. Give him enough water to drink and soon he will feel better. 4. We mustnt laugh at the_

29、 and we should try our best to help them.5. The manager said to all the staff members, I will_ all your salary because you all havedone a good job. 6. You have helped me with the project so much. I dont know how to _ my thanks.7. I dont think I have any _ in working out the problem. Its so easy.8. Y

30、ou shouldnt touch the machines without my _.9. If you want to make a public speech, you need not only good English but also _. That is to say, you should be brave.10. It was raining hard when I left the office. Mr. Smith, my boss, _me a ride in his car home.II. 选择适当的词组完成下列句子。如有必要，须改变形式。每个词组仅使用一次。ask permission raise money in need voluntary work offer tosuffer from spend time with con