高一定语从句导学案汇编.docx

1、高一定语从句导学案汇编高一定语从句 (the Attributive Clause) 导学案【学习目标】 ：1、掌握定语从句的定义。 2、掌握关系代词that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。3、掌握关系副词when，where，why的用法。4、掌握介词+which的用法5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。 【学习方法】 ：1、根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法。2、背诵典型句子3、多做练习进行运用和分析【语法知识点】1.定语从句-在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句2.先行词-被定语从句修饰的名词或代词

2、叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3.关系词-在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词.4.关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：连接- 连接定语从句和主句替代- 替代前面的先行词成分- 在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分 （主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）例1.A huge crack （ that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide） （先行词） (关系词) （定语从句）cut across houses, roads and canals.【学习过程】Part

3、1. 关系词的使用1、完成表格关系代词先行词（指人或物）在从句中充当什么成分例句分析that指人/物作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.I dont know about the man (that) you mentioned.who指人作主语The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than

4、400,000.whom指人作宾语（可以省略）The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.which指物作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missin

5、g.whose 指人/物作定语Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.= .the homes of whom had been destroyed.= of whom the homes had been destroyed【注】whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom 或 of which / whom + the +n. as正如.指人/物作主语、宾语（不可省略）We have found such materials as are used in their f

6、actory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expected, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.关系副词先行词在从句中充当什么成分例句分析when =介词+which时间时间状语I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where =介词+which地点地点状语This is the village where / in which I ever l

7、ived.why = for+ which原因原因状语Do you know the reason why / for which he is absent?【注】 定语从句的关系副词when where why = 介词+which, 但反之并不一定。 如：English is the subject in which Im interested.2. 做题方法：（1）找先行词（2）还原-把先行词放入定语从句（3）确定关系词【练习1】用关系代词that, who, whom, which或whose 填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1. The eggs _ I bought yester

8、day were not fresh. （作_ ）2. He prefers the goose _ comes from his parents farm. （作_ ）3. The noodles _ you cooked were delicious. （作_ ）4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken. （作_ ）5. The man _ lives next to us sells vegetables. （作_ ）6. I dont like the people _ smoke a lot. （作_ ）7. I prefer dumpl

9、ings _ have just been cooked. （作_ ）8. Dont drink water _ has not been boiled. （作_ ）9. The man _ you met just now is my teacher. （作_ ）10. Plane is a machine _ can fly. （作_ ）观察下面两组句子1. A. This is the house _ I once lived in.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。B. This is the house _ I once lived. 先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，你知道应填

10、什么关系词吗？2. A. He was born in a day _was very hot.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。B. He was born in a day _ it was very hot. 先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语。【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如：When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. (还原：I would be staying in the house)【练习2】用关系副词when, wh

11、ere, why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1.I remember the day _ I first come to the school.2.Beijing is the place _ I was born.3.This is the factory _ I visited last year.4.Is this the reason _ he refused to help you?5. Ill never forget the years _ I spent with you in the city. 6. We all didnt believe the reason _

12、he said just now.【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词situation，point, position ,condition, case, scene, spot, stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词where occasion -场合(where) ;-时机;机会(when) 。如：We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my

13、kids. (2008山东)I have never been to such an occasion where people all dress formally.Ex. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why3、that 和which 关系代词只用that的情况： 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。 先行词是all, any, everything, anything, none, th

14、e one等不定代词时 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用 that 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. . I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday. . Who is the man _ is standing over there? Oh,he is my math teacher. . They are talk

15、ing about things and persons _ they saw there a few days ago. 关系代词只用which的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句; 关系词前有介词; 先行词本身是that。. The tree, is four hundred years old, is very famous here. . We depend on the land from we get our food. . That you told him about is what we want to know.who 和 that在什么情况下只用who 不用that？1all

16、/ those 作先行词且指人；2在there be 结构中，先行词指人； 先行词是指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none。.Those _ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.There is a stranger wants to see you. One doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work .4、先行词是way的定语从句 1）The way _ you sol

17、ved the problem is not the best one.2）This is the way _ he told me to solve the problem. 【指点迷津】当先行词是the way且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：in which / that / 省略Part2. 介词+ which/ whom1. 分析下列例句:（1）The man whom he is talking to is my father.The man to whom he is talking is my father. （2）This is the pen which I w

18、rote the letter with.This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.【指点迷津】 (1) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物, 用介词+which; 如先行词是人, 用介词+whom(2) 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+which / whom”(3) 在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。如: look after, take care of, look for 等。判断正误：This is the pen for which Im lo

19、oking. ( ) This is the pen which Im looking for. ( )2. 如何确定定语从句中的介词？先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中1）看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 This is the book_ which you asked2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配 This is our classroom , _ which there is a teachers d

20、esk.【练习】用恰当的介词+which/whom填空1. This is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea.2. The film star _ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3. The West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4. The reason _ he could not go there was that his grade was too low.5

21、. The professor _ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.6. Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?Part 3定语从句中的动词的数1.He is the only one of the students in his class who _ (have) got this chance.2.He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers prais

22、e 3.Those who _ (want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.4.Anyone who _(want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. 【指点迷津】关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词Part 4 课后巩固练习一选择最佳选项。 1. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. where B. that C. in

23、 which D. in that2. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which3. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. wholearn C. that learns D. who 4. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A. that against B. that against C

24、. who is against D. who are against5. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked with D. you talked about6. The train _ she was travelling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that7. Do you still remember the happy days _ we swam in

25、 the river in our village?A. which B. when C. that D. where8. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. when C. on which D. about which9. The hotel _ we stayed during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. what B. which C. where D. that10. Is that the reason _ you ar

26、e in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that11. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in that C. the way whichD. the way of which12. There is only one thing _ I can do.A. what B. that C. all D. which13. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry.A. them B. that C

27、. which D. those14. I like the second football match _ was held last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /15. This is one of the best films _ this year. A. that have been shown B. that have shown C. that has been shown D. that has shown 16. She was the only one of the girls in our class _ accepted as ca

28、ndidate for the president of our Students Union. A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been 17. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 18. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low. A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price 19. Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand. A. that agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. that agree 20. The great day we looked forward to _ at last.A. came B. come C. coming 二用关系词填空。1. The