被动语态的练习1dayin.docx

1、被动语态的练习1dayin被动语态详解及专项练习 (一) 语 态 分 类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give

2、 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be +given 一般过去将来时： should / would + be + given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + give

3、n 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)被动语态常用的八种时态1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on la

4、st month.3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English

5、 lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. 6. 过去进行时： This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off.8. 过去完成时： When I got to the thea

6、tre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. (四) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用1.当不知道或

7、没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was gi

8、ven to me yesterday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, o

9、rder, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is

10、 known to people all over the world. (不用by短语) 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.及物动词+

11、副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

12、 We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear

13、 him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar.注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples. 5. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：1)

14、We take good care of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book.2) You must pay attention to your pronunciation. Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to,

15、 set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。6. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question. 误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody. 7. 当否定句中的宾语是anything,

16、 anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean.误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean. 9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动

17、表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。对比： The books sell well. (主动句)The books were sold out. (被动句)The meat didnt cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low

18、heat. (被动句)10. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，

19、谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book.误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned. 第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire b

20、roke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthqu

21、ake, few houses were remained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：Each other is loved. 11. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It is supposed that 希望 It is hop

22、ed that 众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing 形式，不定式等结构中

23、，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理被动语态专项练习一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B

24、. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted

25、B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used( )9.The Great Wall _ all over

26、the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. j

27、umped D. to jump( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D.

28、is listened16. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing17. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D . had bee

29、n cut18. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C.will have changed D. will change 19. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose20. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been bu