3版四级图表作文讲解与训练.docx

1、3版四级图表作文讲解与训练四级图表作文讲解与训练一、 图表作文的类型二、 图表作文的出题形式三、 图表作文的写作要领四、 图表作文常用词汇与表达方式五、 图表作文练习及其参考范文图表作文也是四（六）级考试屮常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文 字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述 非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。第一节图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。图表作文表格（Table）可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题（Title）、表头（Boxhea

2、d） （表格的第一行）、侧目（Stub）（表格左边的第一列）和主体（Body）部分（表格的其余部分）等部 分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确，而II表格屮的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格 中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。（1） 圆形图作文圆形图（Piechan）也称为饼状图或圆而分割图。圆形图因为比较形彖和直观，各部分空间大小差 别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。 有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：（2） 曲线

3、图作文曲线图（Line graph）也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和 趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一 般先看横轴所代表的数量或时I可等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或 最低的变化。例如：（3） 条形图作文条形图（Bargraph）也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。 当要比较儿个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1）同一项目在不同时间的量;2）同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度

4、 所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：第二节图表作文的出题形式我们先来看儿个四（六）级考试中的图表作文的例子。例1 1991年6月四级作文题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the i

5、nformation given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1, state the changes in peoples diet （饮食）in the past five years;2, give possible reasons for the changes3, draw your own conclusions4, you should quote as few figures as possibleKinds19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13

6、%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit and Vegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%例2 2002年6月四级作文题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the

7、outline given below:Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。例 3： Car Accidents Declining in Walton City （1991 年 6 月 6 级试题）Remember that your composition must be

8、written according to the following outline;1 Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason（s） for the decline of car accidents in the city;3 Your predictions of what will happen this yea匚Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote

9、as few figures as possible从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目屮给岀作文的标题和一个或儿个统计表格、圆形图、曲线 图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1）用文字描述图表，客观解释图 表屮所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；2）就图表屮所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事 物或现彖的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用

10、准确流畅的语 言把这一信息表达出來，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1） 在写作图表作文吋，首先要仔细观察并认真分析图表的含义，以及题中所给出的有关信息，比 如，作文标题，英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；2） 确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选岀能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；在分 析图表时，要抓住与主题有关的信息，要发现数据呈现的规律，要充分利用图表屮的图形、数据等来 说明主题。但是注意不要过多地引用数据3） 编列文章的提纲；4） 根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成

11、文章，注意段与段之间 的衔接与过渡；5） 检查与修改。原则：A. 关键是要写清楚。B. 不要罗列所有数据，找出主要点；要归纳总结；C .概扌舌一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结第四节图表作文常用词汇与表达方式文章开头常用词汇1. 圉表类型：table表格;chart图表;diagram图表或图解,示意图;graph图表，曲线column/ bar chart柱状图；pie graph饼图2. 描述:show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal 显示；represent 表现，描绘3 内容:figure数

12、字；statistic统计值；statistics 用作复统计，统计数字资料,统计表number; percentage; proportion表示数据increase, rise, ascend, core, surge, go up, climb, mount, level up下 阵：decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce Jessen, level, downstable, steady, remain steady/stable; /maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to ; little/

13、hardly any /no change欢动：fluctuate, fluctuation, rise and falls, up and down占：occupy, take up, account for, gain而：while, however, whereas , on the other hand, actually/in fact才目 比：by contract, on the contrary, likewise, compared with最需母: the highest, the top, the summit, the peak, the most录低点: bottom

14、, less, least, rock bottom 最低点例句Prices have hit rock bottom.价格已达最低水平平均：mean平均值，average越势：tendency, trend, inclination预 见：prediction达到顶率：mount to表示变化程度的词：sudden/suddenly rapid/rapidly dramatic/dramatically significant/significantly sharp/shtirply steep/steeply steady/steadily gradual/gradually slow/s

15、lowly slight/slightly stable/stably表示范:from.to bet ween. and. 表示程度：significant changes noticeable trend during the same period grow/grew distribute unequally pronounced average no doubt coiTesponding adj. represent vt.overallexceptin the case of advin contrastin conclusion adv in comparison inversel

16、y adv.图中一些较大变化 明显趋势 在同一时期增长分布，区别 不相等地 明显的 平均无疑地相应的，通讯的 阐述，表现 总体上讲除外在的情况下 相反，大不相同 最后，总之 相比之下 相反地，倒转地比例：20 per cent, 20%one in three, 1/3one out of every four, 1/4有一个稳定的过程：a stable period can be seen突然的，意外的迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 戏剧性的，生动的 有意义的，重大的，重要的 明显的，急剧的急剧升降的稳固的，坚定不移的渐进的，逐渐的缓慢的，不活跃的轻微的、略微地 稳定的for .to .多长时间直到

17、almost adv. 儿乎，差不多nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约just over 刚超过exactly adv.正确地，严密地precisely tidv.正好精确地；清晰地常用词和短语in general rang from.to excessive adj.lower v.elapse vi. category n.government policy market forces measure n.forecast n.表示程度的副词：1.)程度较大：通常，大体上，一般而言从到不等过多的，过分的，额外 降低，跌落（时间）过去，消逝

18、种类政府政策市场规律尺寸，方法，措施V.估量，调节先见，预见V.预considerably dramatically2)程度较小：greatly markedlyobviously quickly rapidly shaiply significantly suddenlyslightly gradually slowly steadily常用扁型与例句1. 句型 As is shown by the graph/in the table- (概述图表时用) 例句As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the p

19、opulation of the country in the past five years. 正如曲线所示，最近5年来该国人口飞速增长。2. 句型 It can be seen from the table that.(得出结论)仮q句 A. From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of theChinese people increased (grew、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从198

20、5年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。仞J句 B. It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。3. . amount to .(数量总计)add up tocome tosum up to例句 All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.全部费用合计 200 美元。4. in

21、crease from . to .(数量增减)decreaserisefalldrop(列句 A.The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。 例句 B. The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased, reaching 300000 pe

22、rsons). 参加者的人数增加到30万。例句 C. The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。5. (be) three times as + 形容词 + as总产量 total output年产量 the annual output of上升 17% rise by 17per cent steel日产量 the daily output导致产量下降 result in a diminished output彳列句 The grai

23、n production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。仮|句 The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.6 Compared with ，例句 Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.与去

24、年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。7. There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the risehas been sharp increaseon the increasesudden decrease on the declinesteady declinegradual fallslow dropslight例句 The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.最近儿年来这个地区的棉花 产量有了迅速增长。1 As can be seen fr

25、om the table (graph, form).2 From the above table it can be seen (concluded) that.3 A careful study of the table shows that4 The number (percentage) is 3 times as much as that in 2000.5 It has decreased (fell, dropped) about twice, compared with (as compared with, as against) that of 2000. In 2001,

26、it increased (went up, rose) from 5 to 15 percent of the total (to 15 percent, by 15 percent).This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in China. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 2000 to 2010 was the dramatic increase in the

27、private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses In 2000, three out of four houses were state-owned. However, by 2010, the percentage of the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%.The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house owne

28、rship has been accompanied by a corresponding 相应的 fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade(2000-2010)As is suggested ( unfolded 表明 / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored 反映)in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses h

29、as dramatically ( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade. (2000-2010)According to the above chart, there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses, while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decadeFrom the above chart, we can see di

30、stinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as distinct from ( as opposed to / in contrast to / in comparison with ) the drastic decrease in the state ownership of houses in a matter of a decade第五节图表作文练习及范文 2002年6月四级作文题及范文：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirt

31、y minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline iven below:1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化;2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。Student Use of Computers大学生使用电脑情况Sample 1Since 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While in 1990, the average number of