人教版届高考英语一轮复习讲义必修四 Unit 4 Body Language Word版含答案.docx

1、人教版届高考英语一轮复习讲义必修四 Unit 4 Body Language Word版含答案第一部分 基础知识2019-2020年人教版2019届高考英语一轮复习讲义：必修四Unit 4 Body Language Word版含答案1. 身势语是传递交际信息的非语言手段，学习了解身势语，帮助学生了解文化差异和身势语的变化，可以防止跨文化交际中产生误解，甚至冲突。2. 学习掌握常用的表示“禁止”、“警告”、“义务”的用语。When you greet with others, what method will you rank first, using spoken statement or

2、unspoken gestures or both of them? If you are not sure, you may lose face or be misunderstood by others or even bring about anger of others. Whether you are in the dormitory or the canteen, we are using body language to help us express ourselves. Nodding represents agreement while raising your fist

3、represents disagreement. Hugs are in association with kindness and curious facial expressions refer to interest. When you are on the flight, you cant approach a stranger too close, who may defend himself by keeping a safe distance. Your smiles on your cheeks may ease his or her worry but their false

4、 subjective judgement has functioned and he would be likely to turn his back to your proposals in defence of himself.1. represent vt. 代表；象征2. approach vt. & vi. 接近；靠近；走近 n. 接近；方法；途径 3. defend against 保卫以免受4. be likely to 很可能；有希望5. in general 总的来说；通常6. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在7. lose face 丢脸8. turn ones ba

5、ck to 背对；背弃你面颊上的微笑可能会减少他们的担心，但是他们错误的主观判断已经产生了。所以为了保护自己，他们可能会对你的提议置之不理。Your smiles on your cheeks may ease his or her worry but their false subjective judgement has functioned and he would be likely to turn his back to your proposals in defence of himself.greet vi. & vt. 迎接；问候dormitory n. 宿舍canteen n

6、. 食堂flight n. 飞行；航班curious adj. 好奇的cheek n. 面颊defence n. 防御；保卫major adj. 主要的 adult n. 成人；成年人adj. 成人的；成熟的spoken adj. 口语的Spain n. 西班牙(欧洲国家) facial adj. 面部的function n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转 truly adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地false adj. 错误的；假的anger n. 怒气；怒火fist n. 拳头 subjective adj. 主观的hug vi. & vt. 拥抱rank n. 等级；军衔 st

7、atement n. 陈述；说明association n. 社团；联系；联想curiously adv. 好奇地；误解，误会misunderstanding n. 误解；误会unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的1. represent vt. 代表；象征Ill represent to him the risk he is running.我要向他指出他所面临的险境。represent.as. 把描绘成represent oneself as/to be 自称是represent.to sb. 向某人描绘They represented themselves as the par

8、ty of low taxation.他们称自己是低税率的党。Shakespeare represents Richard as a blackhearted villain.莎士比亚把查理三世描写成一个心肠狠毒的反面角色。 representation n. 表现，描述 representative n. 代表，有代表性的事物 adj. 有代表性的 2. association n. 协会，社团；结合，联合；交往 NBA stands for National Basketball Association.NBA指国家篮球协会。in association with 在的帮助下have an

9、 association with.与有交往 He is working in association with the police on this.他正和警方在此事上进行合作。associate vt. (使)发生联系；(使) 联合；结交；联想 n. 同事associate A with B A is associated with B把联想/联系起来；与有关Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人们通常把威士忌与苏格兰联系起来。I wont have my son associating with known criminals.我不会让

10、我的儿子与臭名昭著的罪犯交往。Ive got a new job and a new set of work associates.我有了新工作和一班子新同事。3. approach vt. & vi. 接近；靠近；走近 n. 接近；方法；途径 He approached the bird quietly. 他悄悄地走近那只小鸟。We heard the approach of the train. 我们听到火车开过来了。 All approaches to the town are blocked. 所有通往城镇的道路都被堵住了。 Many kinds of birds fly south

11、at the approach of winter.随着冬天的到来，很多鸟儿飞往南方。make approaches to sb. 亲近某人，与某人接近provide an approach to 提供的入门approach sb. about sth. 为某事同某人打交道 approach sb. for information向某人了解情况4. defend vt. 保护；保卫 defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth. 保护某人某物免受伤害 defend oneself against sth. 为自己辩护 The wall was built to de

12、fend the road from being washed away by the sea. 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。defense/defence n. 保卫，防御in defense/defence 自卫，防御 in defense of 保卫，为辩护The Great Wall of China was built as a defense against intruders. 长城是为了抵御外敌入侵而修建的。defence 作不可数名词代表防卫的行为(action)，可数名词表示可以防卫的东西(something)。 5. likely adj. 可能的 Not l

13、ikely! 口不可能！ 才不呢！ (强调否认或拒绝)be likely to 可能会It is likely that. 可能会She is the most likely girl to win the prize. 她是最有希望得奖的女孩。It is likely to rain tonight.今天可能会下雨。She is not likely to come next month. 她下月很可能不来。It is likely that he will be late. 他可能会迟到。possible，probable或likelypossible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的

14、意思；probable比possible可能性大，表示“很可能，大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理；likely是指从外表迹象进行判断有可能发生的事。注意：possible和 probable一般不用人做主语，likely既可以用人也可以用物做主语。 6. function n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转 The machine will not function properly if it is not kept welloiled. 机器没有上好油，就不会顺利地运转。What functions does this machine have?这部机器有哪些功能？func

15、tion as担任，起作用An attributive noun functions as an adjective.定语性名词起形容词作用。functional adj. 运转的，有功能的，起作用的 7. ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦；忧虑) at ease舒适；快活；自由自在with ease轻易地，毫不费力地feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松put/set sb. at ones ease使某人放松、松弛take ones ease休息，轻松一下 Her mind was at ease knowing that the children were

16、safe.听说孩子们都很安全，她才放下心来。He practiced until he could play the song with ease.他不断练习这首歌，直到能熟练地演奏。A smile is intended to make people at ease.微笑旨在使人们轻松自在。二、重点短语需精通1. in general 总的来说；通常；总之 In general，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. 一般说来，北方人喜欢吃饺子，而南方人喜欢吃米饭。on the

17、 whole总的来说generally speaking一般说来as a whole就整体上来看in a word总之to put it simply简单地说 2. lose face 丢脸Youll lose face if you dont keep your promise. 你如果没有遵守诺言，会丢脸的。be faced with 面对face to face 面对面lose heart 泄气，灰心lose ones heart to 爱上，钟情于 lose ones way 迷路 lose courage 丧失勇气3. turn ones back to 背对；背弃It is imp

18、olite to turn ones back to the other while talking.交谈时背对对方是不礼貌的。 One must never, whatever reason, turn his back to life.不管是什么理由，人都不能背叛人生。turn a deaf ear to. 对充耳不闻，置若罔闻turn ones nose up at. 瞧不起，轻视，蔑视shut/close ones eyes to. 闭目不看，视而不见 三、重点句式能熟用1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombi

19、a，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。 动词不定式to arrive在句中作后置定语。当中心词是序数词或被序数词限定时，常用不定式作后置定语； 过去分词短语closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain在句中作伴随状语。动词follow与其逻辑主语Tony Garcia之间为被动关系。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是

20、第一位获得奥运会金牌的女子。动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。当名词被first, last, second.以及形容词的最高级或者only等修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语。不定式作定语一般表示将来。作定语的不定式和被修饰词是

21、动宾关系，但如果是由句子的主语或者句子中另一个名词或者代词发出时，则要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。2. With so many cultural differences between people，it is great to have some similarities in body language. 人们之间有那么多文化方面的不同，但在肢体语言方面有相似之处真是太好了。 此处的“With so many cultural differences between people”为 “with宾语宾补”结构，between people是介词短语作宾语补足语。with的复合结构

22、即“with宾语补语”，宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。这种结构可用作定语或者状语，作状语的with复合结构表示时间、原因、条件、方式以及伴随情况等。 He sat with his arms clasped round his knees. (名词过去分词短语)他双臂抱膝坐在那里。With the stock market falling，the prospect of Asian economy is bleak. (名词现在分词)股市下跌，亚洲经济前景暗淡。With nothing to do，I went on a round of the boo

23、kshops. (名词不定式) 手头无事可做，我就去逛书店。He was lying in bed with his clothes on. (名词副词) 他穿着衣服躺在床上。They stood with their backs to the wall. (名词介词短语) 他们背朝墙站着。He is used to sleeping with the window open.(名词形容词)他习惯于开着窗睡觉。3. Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way wi

24、th touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式各不相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。 not与一些表示完全意义的词如both, all, every, 包括everything，everybody，everywhere或者altogether, entirely, completely等连用，不管not放在什么位置，均表示部分否定。Not every Welshman speaks Welsh. 并不是每个威尔士人都说威尔士语。I dont know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。如果句子中出现下列

25、单词或短语则该句为全部否定：none ofn./pron.; neithern./pron.; non.; nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither.nor等。 四、话题写作多积累训练十九：写演讲稿演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体，它是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场所发表的讲话文稿，实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文。 第一段：礼貌称呼，提出论题。开始时对听众的称呼语最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr. Ch

26、airman, Honorable Judges (评委)等等。由于演讲的时间限制，提出论题时必须开门见山。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动、最能引起注意的是举例法。 第二段：精彩论证，方法多样。对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等。第三段：结论有力，收尾简洁。结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。结尾要言简意赅，点到为止。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解” “请批评指正”这样的客套话。 (1) 开头语句Good morning/afternoon, everyon

27、e/ladies and gentlemen.Its my honor to stand here and say something about.Id like to tell you something about.(2) 主体语句As we all know./It is wellknown to us all that.From this point of view.No one can deny the fact that.What we should do is./It is our duty to.(3) 结尾语句If everyone., I believe.As long a

28、s we., we can.Last but not least, its everyones responsibility to.If you., you will.!【例1】完成句子 The dove_represents_peace_(象征和平). Why do you_represent_the_matter_in_this_way_(把这事说成这样)?I suggest that we establish Mr. Jeffrey _as_our_representative_ (作为我们的代表). represent作“说明，使说明”和“传达，表达”讲时不能直接跟人作宾语，常用结构为

29、represent sth. to sb.或represent to sb. sth.。有类似用法的单词还有explain, relate(叙说), guarantee, suggest, announce等。【例2】(1)完成句子听到那首歌我就会联想起我的童年。I always _associate_this_song_with_ my childhood.许多严重的疾病都与吸烟有关。There are many serious diseases _associated_with_smoking_. 因为他和英国人有来往， 所以他的英语突飞猛进。His English improves qu

30、ickly because of his _association_with_ British people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。I dont like you _associating_with_ those people.I dont like your _association_with_ those people. 【例3】(1)完成句子There are several ways of _approaching_the_problem_ (解决这个问题)The shadows lengthened with _the_approach_of_sunset_ (太阳下落)_The_time_is_approaching_(时机即将来临)when we must think about buying a new house. (2) 单句改错His approach for the problem is special and proves good. for改为to【例4】完成句子Chinese people _defended_against_(反抗) the Japanese during World War.The young man joined the