英语六级考试语法典型题辅导与答案解析.docx

1、英语六级考试语法典型题辅导与答案解析 定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指，针对TOEFL应注意以下几点： (1) the和可数名词单数连用，表示一类人或物，如： the fern(蕨类), the wallflower (2) 序数词之前必须用the，如： the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代词时除外，如 my first baby (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外)，如： the largest city, the most advanced technology (4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如： the d

2、evelopment of the watch, (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如： the globe(地球)，the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun 在下列情况下，一般不用the： (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加，如： Dennis Chavez(人名)，Alaska(地名)，English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) 但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖)， the Changjiang River(长江) (2)

3、无特指的不可数名词前，如： algebra(代数学), advertising， accounting（会计学） (3) 表示类别的复数名词前，如： Historians believe that, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from (4) 一些固定词组中，如： in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed 乘车的词组： by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), by land(由陆路),

4、 by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) on foot (步行)， by plane(乘飞机)， by ship (乘船)， 打球的词组： play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 注意：表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如：He was elected (the) chairman of t he committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名 词： much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a weal

5、th of(大量的、丰富的) little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名 词专用另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the re st of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 有些形容词本身就具有“比.年长”、“ 比.优越”等含义，因此也就没有比 较级 和最高级。比如： inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和 to连用，而不和than连用。 有

6、些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义，所以就没有最高级和比较级。如： absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对 的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的)，这类形容词往往被称 为绝 对形容词 对于most来讲，除了构成某些词最高级外，most的用法有几点需要注意，经常成为 改错 题的考点： 1 当most表示大多数时，之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数，分别 为： most + 名词，如：most people, most Indian tribes； mos

7、t + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词，如：most of his paintings，most of us, m ost of the modern artists 2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词，如： a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 例题： (1) The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ABCD 答案：A 应改为：Most 解释：most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词，此句表示“大多数”， 没必 要加t

8、he. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonme tals ABC oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. D 考点：程度副词 答案：D 应改为：still more 解释：程度副词still修饰比较级more时，应置于其前 几点参考规则： 1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后，若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后，如： She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met just

9、 now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前，如： These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然，副词enough是一个例外，要放在修饰成分的后面，如： I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错) 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前，be动词之后，如： He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/n

10、ever play(实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8clock. (be动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定，原则上接近被修饰词即可，如： only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 第四节 容易混淆的词 D 考点：程度副词 答案：D 应改为：still more 解释：程度副词still修饰比较级more时，应置于其前 几点参考规则： 1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后，若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后，如： She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met

11、 just now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前，如： These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然，副词enough是一个例外，要放在修饰成分的后面，如： I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错) 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前，be动词之后，如： He often/ always/ rarely/sel

12、dom/never play(实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8clock. (be动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定，原则上接近被修饰词即可，如： only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 第四节 容易混淆的词 hard (努力，副词) hardly （几乎不，副词） close （接近，形容词） closely（接近，副词） near （接近，形容词） nearly （几乎，副词）， nearby (ad j.邻近的) most （大多数的，形容词） mostly（主要地，大部分 副词） late （迟、晚，形容词）

13、 lately （最近，副词），later(adv .稍后的) high (高的，形容词) highly (adv. 非常，大大的) 另外： friendly（友好的）， lovely(可爱的、有趣的)，尽管词尾有ly, 但是都 是形 容词 作主语：不定式短语可作主语 如：To see is to believe (百闻不如一见) To work hard should be your major concern. 注意：由于英文不习惯句子主语过长，不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第 十七章) 例如上面第二句可以变为： It should be your major concern to

14、 work hard. 又如： It is very nice of you to help me 不定式常接在名词之后作定语，如： something to read, nothing to do, anything to decla re, a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系，因此不及物动词之后必须加 上相 搭配的介词（例如上面的complain + of, talk +to） 不定式定语还可表示将来的含义，如：in the years to follow, the

15、meeting to be held in June 独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致 如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldnt utter a word. (独立 主格) 对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致: Filling his mouth with water, he couldnt utter a word. 在TOEFL考试中，经常混淆反身代词的写法，结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错 反身代词的用法 可以用来做宾语： He hurt himself when he fell. 可以用来做表语： He is

16、 not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服) 反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思 I myself do it. I do it myself. They made the research themselves. 但是不能够说：Himself does it. 应改为： He does it. This is himselfs book. 应改为：This is his own book. 牢记make possible的三种形式： 1. make+名词+possible； His financial aid makes this

17、 trip possible. 2. make+possible+名词（名词短语较长时） His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese students entering of th e world famous university. 3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分) The fathers hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better ed ucation. 定语从句可分为限定性和非限定性两种，其主要区别为：

18、1. 非限定性定语从句中，引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。 2. 非限定性定语从句中，引导词一般不用that， 在修饰人时用who, whom, whose He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college. 在修饰物时用 which 部分状语从句可以省略，在填空题中时有出现 如：Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (从句中省略了he was) If inFORMed timely, I wouldnt have missed the meeting. (从句中省略了 I

19、were) 注意: 当现在完成时的时间状语是for + 一段时间(已经有时间了), 和since + 一个 时间点(自从以来)的时候, 句中的谓语不能是非延续性动词(暂短性动词), 如不 能说: I have borrowed the book for ten days. (错误: borrow这个动作是发生在图书 出纳 台上的一次性动作, 不能延续, 因此不能和for引导的时间状语连用) 应改为: I have kept the book for ten days. 这样的暂短性动词还有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等 倒装 倒装句就是将正常的陈

20、述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分 倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种： 一、全部倒装 谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如： Out came his guest. On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay. There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago. 二、部分倒装 助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如： Neither could he see through your plan. So little

21、did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words. Doesnt her invitation appeal to you? 第一节 否定词提前倒装 否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装 否定词常用的有： Not only(but also), Not until(直到.才), No sooner.(than)(一.就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom Hardly/Scarcely (when) Few/Little Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere At no time Under no cir

22、cumstances(决不) On no account (决不)In no way 其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭 配使 用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装 如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain. Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came ou t first as well. No soone

23、r had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in m y face. Seldom does he travel about. Under no circumstances should you betray your own country. 此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词，就 应条件反射的想到用倒装句 第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装 当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词 短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装 如：In

24、 the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had ca st. Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the governme nt, which she had blamed for all the social injustices. Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties. 第三节 副词提前倒装 副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况： 1

25、. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等) 或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装 如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been. Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was dan ger. Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. 2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装 如: So

26、 diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam. Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever. Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也” California relies heavily on incom

27、e from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样 同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装 He cant dance, neither/nor can I.= I cant, either. 他不会跳舞，我也不会。 3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装 如：Off got the staggering gentlemen. Here are the photos I took at the seaside. 第四节 疑问倒装 疑

28、问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。 如：What part did he play in Hamlet? Do you prefer tea or coffee? by可视为被动语态的标志词，by之后的名词短语是句中动作的施动者；在题干中若 见到by+名词的结构要优先考虑用被动式 如: The wall is painted by Tom. The book was written by Mark Twain. 注意1：by之后如果接的是动名词，则表示方式、手段，不能视为被动式的标志， 且此时 谓语应用主动式， 如：He passed the exam by cheating. 注意2：对于know来讲，一般用be known to 而不用be know by 强调句中it作形式主语可以替代任何被强调的部分 基本模式：It + be + 强调对象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分