高二英语Unit 12Fact and Fantasy I人教版知识精讲.docx

1、高二英语Unit 12Fact and Fantasy I人教版知识精讲高二英语Unit 12Fact and Fantasy （I）人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 12Fact and Fantasy （I）二. 重点词汇的用法：难点句的解析（I）三. 知识总结与归纳：（一）单元内容介绍与学习要点：1. 单元主题：“事实与幻想”，内容涉及到“科学数据，科学发明，科幻小说”等。2. 阅读材料：（1）以“儒勒凡尔纳科幻小说之父”为题，介绍了他的作品海底两万里以及地心游记的主要内容（2）介绍了小说Frankenstein的部分情节。3. 语言学习：掌握一些常见的词汇前缀和后缀的知识

2、。4. 学习要求：（1）掌握词汇表内的单词读音，词义以及部分重点词汇或短语的用法。（2）理解两篇阅读材料的内容，通过对文章中一些难点句子的结构分析，准确理解句子意思，掌握句子中一些重要的短语和句型，复习句中所含的重要语法结构。（特别是课文里出现的一些非谓语动词结构的句子）。（二）重点单词，短语的用法：1. belief：信心，信念，信仰。religious / political beliefsbelief in sth. / sb.I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.belief thatShe acted in the be

3、lief that she was doing good.2. make a living：谋生。还可以表达为：earn / gain / get / a（ones）living ; living在这里表示：“生计，营生”前面加：a / an /ones.To make a living, Verne had to writeShe earns her living by growing flowers.He makes a good living as a designer.作为名词：living还可以表示：“生存，生活”，是不可数名词。The standard of living in p

4、oor country is very low.3. apply：应用，运用，申请，请求， 形容词形式：appliedHe used the latest hours in Paris libraries studying botany, applied science and many other subjects.apply for sth. / apply to do sth.apply for job / courseHe has applied to go to the Army.apply的其他意思：有关；勤奋；涂抹；手压或脚踩：Apply the scream sparingly

5、 to your face and neck.We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.Special conditions apply if you are under 18.Pressure applied to the wound will stop bleeding.4. set out：出发，着手，开始，尝试；后面接不定式结构；Dr. Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hunter set out to find the monster.Sam set out

6、to improve efficiency but his plans turned out not quite as he had expected.Half an hour later, I set out again on my journey.注意其他短语：set about：着手开始做某事；后面接doingShe set about doing her homework after supper.5. aboard：在（船，飞机，车）上；上船；登机；常见的短语：on boardAll that is needed for life on board comes from the oc

7、ean.They were taken on board and Captain Nemo decides not to kill them.As soon as Im board, I always feel sick.注意：aboard:作介词或副词，相当于on board:The boat is ready to leave. All aboard!6. throw light upon：阐明某事，提供线索；可以说：cast light on / uponI read all the books I could find that threw light upon these matte

8、r.The diary throws an interesting light on the events in this novel last point.7. cut up：切碎，剪碎I collected bones from graves and cut up dead bodies. Many of my materials come from butcher shops and hospital.注意其他cut短语：cut down：砍倒； cut off：切断；cut out：熄火；删除；剪下四. 难点句解析：1. Do you think therell be a time w

9、hen we can beat all diseases ?你认为将来我们会不会有战胜所有疾病的时候。Time在此是可数名词，表示：与某种经历相关的时期或特定时期。when we can beat all diseases作为定语从句修饰time.The story happened at a time when there were still slaves in the USA.与time有关的一些短语有：at a time：一次； at one time：曾经； in modern times：现代。2. Many of the instruments in his novel will

10、 remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklins experiments with electricity.他的小说中许多设备会使读者想到Benjamin Franklin博士所做的有关电的实验。remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklins experiments with electricity：remind sb. of sth.：提醒某人 使某人想起I was reminded of my promiseThis reminds me of what we did together during the hol

11、iday.remind的其他结构有：remind sb. that. / remind sb. to do That reminds me that I must write to him.I remind him to work hard.3. By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步，Jules Verne奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。by + do

12、ing：通过做的方式takeone step further：把推进一步Critics want the government to take this one step further and ban the film altogether.lay the foundation of .：奠定的基础。ay（laid；laid）：放置，铺设；在此引申为“奠定”His ten years in America laid the foundation of his career.4. He suggested how inventions could be used in the future t

13、o allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time.他还提议将来如何用发明来使人类作出他那个时代被认为是不可能的事情。that were considered impossible in his own time：定语从句修饰thingssuggest在此表示：提议，后面的宾语从句用正常的陈述语气。当suggest表示：建议。后面的从句用虚拟语气结构：should do / should be done比较：I suggest ed to him that he should join the clu

14、b.Miss Brown suggested that the proposal had not been put forward at the meeting Last Monday.suggest的其他用法：suggest doing:建议做某事； suggest：暗示；透露；使想起；May I suggest going there by train ?What does the word “black” suggest to you ?The white look on his face suggested that he was ill.5. ships are disappeari

15、ng all over the world and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster.世界上所有的船只都消失了，人们认为是由海里的一种怪兽造成的。句型it is believed to do / that：人们认为类似结构还有：its said that; Its reported; Its suggested / hoped that或：主语+be said / reported / suggested toThe prices of computers are said to go further down.Its reported

16、that twenty people have been killed in that bus accident.注意：这里用的时态是现在时，这是描述小说或电影情节常用的时态。6. In the efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.在他们努力求生时，他们发现自己竟然在怪兽的身体表面上，原来怪兽是一艘潜艇。which turns out to be a submarine 定语从句修饰the monster

17、itselfturn out：后接不定式结构表示：结果是Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.7. Dressed in diving suits, Captain Nemo and his guests walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship. They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks, fishes, seashells and

18、 plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters.他们穿着潜水服行走在这神奇的世界里，船上的灯为他们照明，他们发现周围是五彩缤纷的岩石，鱼儿，贝类以及水草。他们在蓝蓝的海洋里随波起伏，慢慢地移动。注意句子中的几处非谓语动词结构的作用：Dressed in diving suits过去分词短语做伴随状语表示Captain Nemo and his guests的状态。lighted by the lamps of the ship过去分词短语做定语修饰this magic worldsurrounded by过去分词短语做宾语the

19、mselves的补足语，具有被动意义。all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters为独立主格形式：名词+分词短语（doing / done），做伴随状语，名词/代词：all为现在分词短语waving and moving slowly in the blue waters的逻辑主语。课文中其他含有分词短语结构的句子：Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper.They drink water from the boiling underground ri

20、verIn the end, their raft is drawn into a fast stream and with ever increasing speed they are shot out of the volcano in southern Italy【典型例题】一. 单项选择：1. After breakfast, my classmates and I set out _ HongXing farm and received a warm welcome.A. to B. on C. for D. towards答案：C分析：set out for出发到某地去，2. Zh

21、eng He succeeded in making a _ across the Indian Ocean for the purpose of developing the relationship with the other countries.A. travel B. voyage C. journey D. tour答案：B分析：voyage多指海上的航行3. Nowadays mone and more graduates go to _ positions in western areas.A. ask for B. apply for C. demand D. request

22、答案：B分析：apply for申请。4. Because the river was polluted, the water supply of Harbin was _ for the moment.A. cut down B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up答案：B分析：cut down砍倒；减少；cut off分开；切断供应；切下；cut out删掉；停止；剪掉；cut up切碎。5. In order to take their service one step _, the company wants to introduce a new program.

23、A. forwards B. further C. better D. more答案：B分析：takeone step further进一步推动。6. A light plane with four people _ crashed last night.A. on board B. on a board C on the board D. on aboard答案：A分析：on board意为“在（飞机，船、火车）上”二. 翻译句子：1. 曾经有一阵子这种音乐很流行。2. 这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。3. 考虑到他的经济条件，他对于要不要送儿子进大学仍然犹豫不决。4. 我在你这

24、个年龄时，早已开始谋生了。5. 他以他的勤奋奠定了成功的基础。答案：1. There was a time when this kind of music was very popular.2. This photo reminds me of the days that we spent in the summer camp.3. Considering his economical condition, hes still hesitating about sending his son to college.4. When I was of your age, I had already

25、 started to work for a living.5. He laid the foundation of his success on his hardworking.【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一. 单项选择：1. China is a _ member of the UN Security Council（联合国安理会）.A. forever B. long-lasting C. usual D. permanent2. Fortunately, the scientist lived m see his dream _.A. came true B. come true

26、 C. became tree D. become true3. Dont _ to contact me if you need any more information.A. sorry B. apologize C. dislike D. hesitate4. When you are at the top of file tower, you can get a whole _ of the city.A. sight B. view C. point D. scene5. What they found out threw _ upon who stole the money.A.

27、a light B. light C. much fight D. lights6. We collected the money _ to build a primary school here.A. with which B, which C. for; which D. with that7. It _ that the man we signed an agreement with was a cheat.A. was turned out B. turned outC. turned to be D. has been turned out二. 翻译句子：1. 这种病被认为是空气污染

28、造成的。2. 他的小说里的许多故事会使读者想到旧中国的样子。3. 通过大量阅读名著，他打下了很好的文学基础。4. 如果天气允许，天亮时分船将出发去海岛。5. 直到他上了火车我才离开车站。三. 翻译句子：1. This kind of disease is believed to be caused by the air pollution.2. Many of the stories in his novel will remind the reader of what the old China was like3. By reading so many famous writings, h

29、e laid the good foundation of literature.4. Weather permitting, the ship will set out for the island at dawn.5. I didnt leave the station until she got on board the train.四. 阅读理解：AWind is the great maker of waves. There are exceptions, such as the tidal（潮汐的）waves sometimes produced by earth-quakes u

30、nder the sea. But the waves most of us know are produced by winds blowing over the sea.Now before constructing an imaginary life history of a typical wave, we need to know certain physical things about it. A wave has height, from trough（low point）to crest（high point）. It has length-the distance from

31、 this crest to that of the following wave. The period of the wave means the time it takes for succeeding crests to pass a fixed point. None of these things stays the same-for all depend upon the wind, upon the depth of the water and many other matters.The water that makes up a wave does not advance with it across the sea. Each drop of water turns around in a little circle with the passing of the wave, but returns very nearly to its original position. And it is fortunate that t