中考英语专项复习 复合句学案.docx

1、中考英语专项复习 复合句学案复合句【课前导学】 亲爱的同学们，动动脑筋，想想我们学过的复合句有哪些种？ 【课堂学习】 考点一：宾语从句1引导词(1)在以that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that 可以省略。如：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天有雨。(2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，可用if或whether来引导从句，意为“是否”。She asked me if (whether) she could join us. 她问我她是否可以加入我们的队伍。He wondered if (whether) the

2、 workers had finished the work. 他想知道，工人们是否已经完成了工作。 (3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词，如who, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how 等。Do you know who broke the door? 你知道谁弄坏了门吗？She asked me whose pen that was. 她问我那是谁的钢笔。She asked them what they were doing. 她问他们正在做什么。Tell me which one you want. 告诉我

3、你要哪一个。He asked me when I would set out. 他问我什么时候出发。When did the train leave? I want to know. I want to know when the train left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if/whether the shop closes at six every day?(2)如果是由do, does, did构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉do, does, did，且从句中的谓语动词要根

4、据主句时态作出相应的变化。Do they often play basketball？He asked. He asked if they often played basketball. What time did she get up? The young man asked. The young man asked what time she got up.(3)如果是will, be, have, can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，需把will, be, have, can返回到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句时态作相应的变化。Will you be free tomorrow？S

5、he asked me. She asked me if (whether) I would be free the next day. Has she seen the movie yet? I want to know. I want to know if (whether) she has seen the movie yet. 3注意正确使用时态(1)如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句的时态不受限制，可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。Could you tell me what he said at the meeting?你能告诉我他在会上说了什么吗？(一般过去时)He

6、 will tell us that he has been able to look after himself. 他将告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。(现在完成时)Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们将什么时候动身。(一般将来时)(2)如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。He said that he was born in Wuhan in 1999. 他说他于1999年出生在武汉。They said that they had already finished the work. 他们说他们已经完成了工作。(3)如果宾

7、语从句所叙述的是客观事实、格言、科学真理等时，从句时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。Everyone knew there are sixty minutes in an hour. 4否定前移在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think(认为), believe(相信), expect(期望), imagine(想象), suppose(猜测)等时，如果主句主语为I(we)时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose前。I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。I dont suppose he wi

8、ll come. 我猜测他不会来。课堂练习1. Do you know the lady _is talking with Mr. Smith? Yes, shes our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.A. who B. which C. whom2.Could you tell me_? Yes, you can go there by bus.A. how can I get to the Miao King City B. where is the Miao King CityC. how I can get to the Miao King Ci

9、ty D. where the Miao King City is3. I wonder _ . A. where does he live B. how old he is C. what is he doing? D. how soon will he come hack4. Can you tell me_ to travel to Dalian? About two hours by plane.A. how much it costs B. what I should takeC. how long it takes D. which is the best season5. Can

10、 you tell me _? He is in the library.A. where was Jack B. where Jack was C. where is Jack D. where Jack is考点二 状语从句1概念以及句型特点(1)概念：状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。(2)句型特点状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句分开；放在主句之后时，不用逗号。(一)时间状语从句1when引导的时间状语从句连词when的意思是“当时候”， when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生。w

11、hen既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段。Call me when youve finished. 你完成后就打电话给我。(先后发生)My father was reading a newspaper when I was sleeping. 当我睡觉的时候，父亲在看报。(同时发生)What was your mother doing when you came back? 你回来时你妈妈在做什么？(时间点)When I was a child, I used to go to the Great Wall. 当我还是个小孩子的时候，我常常去长城。(时间段)2while 引导的时间状语从句连词wh

12、ile的意思是“当时”， while引导时间状语从句时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如果从句谓语动词为非延续性动词，则须用进行时态。while若出现在过去进行时的句子中，结构一般是“while 过去进行时，一般过去时”。While I was shopping, the UFO landed. 我购物的时候，不明飞行物降落了。3as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句，表示“当时”或“一边一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生。As the children walked along the lake, they sang happily. 孩子们一边沿着湖走，一边愉快地唱歌。As he was

13、a child, he began to learn to play the piano. 当他还是个小孩的时候，他就开始学弹钢琴了。4before引导的时间状语从句 此时表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。He had studied in this school before he joined the army. 参军之前，他在这所学校学习过。5after引导的时间状语从句 此时主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。 After he locked the door, he left. 他锁上门后离开了。注意 after引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语常为相同的人或物，如果主句的动作发生在从

14、句之后，可以转换为not.until(before).引导的时间状语从句。He left the classroom after he finished his homework. He didnt leave the classroom until (before) he finished his homework. 他完成作业后才离开教室。6until(till)引导的时间状语从句until意思是“直到”，主从句都是肯定句，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，此时untiltill。表示“直到才”时，主句用否定句，从句用肯定句，主句中的谓语动词为非延续性动词。They worked until (

15、till) it was dark. 他们一直工作到天黑。I didnt go to bed until she came back. 直到她回来我才睡觉。注意 until与till引导时间状语从句时，通常可以交换使用，但如果从句在句首，则只能使用until。Until he went there he didnt know that. 直到他到那儿，他才知道那件事。7as soon as 引导的时间状语从句as soon as 意思是“一就”。As soon as he came into the room, I would tell him that thing. 他一走进房间，我就告诉他

16、那件事。Please write to us as soon as you get there. 你一到那儿，就请给我们写信。Ill come to see you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到那儿，就去看你。注意 as soon as 引导的从句为时间状语从句，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句要用一般现在时。He will return the book as soon as he finishes it. 他一看完这本书就去归还。8since引导的时间状语从句since意思是“自从”，它引导的从句中的动词多用过去式，表示动作的起点。主句表示动作的延续，用现在完成

17、时。如果主句中的动作表示的不是延续性动作而是目前的状态，主句可用一般现在时。I havent heard from my friend since I went to Dalian. 我到大连后就没有收到过我朋友的信。It is ten years since she left here. 自从她离开已有十个年头了。(二)条件状语从句1if 引导的条件状语从句if 意思是“如果就”。如果主句是一般将来时， if引导的从句就要用一般现在时。If it doesnt rain, Ill go fishing. 如果不下雨，我就去钓鱼。2unless引导的条件状语从句unless意思是“除非；如果不

18、”，相当于if not。如果主句是一般将来时， unless引导的从句就要用一般现在时。Unless you work hard, you wont pass the exam. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格的。They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday. 他们是要进行野炊活动的，除非下周日下雨。注意 当if引导的从句为否定句时，可以与unless相互转化。If he isnt busy, hell come to meet us. Unless he is busy, hell come to meet us. (三)原因状语

19、从句1because 引导的原因状语从句because 表示最直接的原因，为why问句的答语。He didnt come because he was ill. 他没有来是因为他病了。He didnt catch the first bus because he got up too late. 因为他起床太晚了，所以没有赶上第一班车。 注意 because 引导的从句不能与so(所以)连用。因为我取得了好成绩，所以我妈妈很高兴。()Because I got a good mark, so my mother was happy. ()Because I got a good mark, m

20、y mother was happy. ()My mother was happy because I got a good mark. 2as引导的原因状语从句as可以引导原因状语从句，表示“正如所知道的那样”。as从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从句并重。As it was raining, I stayed at home. 由于下雨，我便待在家里。As you can see, Lucy doesnt like studying at all. 正如你所看到的那样，露西根本不喜欢学习。3since引导的原因状语从句since 意思是“因为；既然”，侧重主句， since从句表示显然的或已

21、经知道的理由。We should study hard since we are students. 既然我们是学生，我们就应该努力学习。Since we have got ready for it, lets set off. 既然我们已经准备好了，那就出发吧。(四)结果状语从句1so.that.引导的结果状语从句so.that.意思是“如此以至于”， so后接形容词或副词， 而在that引导的从句中， 行为动词前通常有情态动词can或could。2such.that.引导的结果状语从句such.that.意思是“如此以至于”， such后用名词。She is such a lovely g

22、irl that we all like her. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. 这个箱子很重，没有人能搬动它。3so.that.和such.that.的区别(1)so.that.与such.that.意思相同，二者可以交换使用，其区别在于so后跟形容词或副词， such后跟名词。(2)但如果是形容词 many, much, few, little(少)修饰名词时，则只能使用 so.that.。We have so much time that we can finish the

23、work. 我们有足够的时间，能完成这项工作。4so.that.和其他句型的互换(1)so.that.可以转化为 too.to do sth.或 not.enough to do sth.在转换为 not.enough to do sth.句型时， not 后要用原句中的形容词或副词的反义词。She is so young that she cant go to that town alone. She is too young to go to that town alone. She isnt old enough to go to that town alone. 她太小了，不能一个人去

24、那个城镇。(2)如果 so.that.从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，转换为 too.to do sth.或 not.enough to do sth.句型时，须在动词不定式短语的 to 前加上“for从句的主语”。That lesson is so difficult that nobody can understand it. That lesson is too difficult for everybody to understand. That lesson isnt easy enough for everybody to understand. 那一课太难了，没有人能理解它。(五

25、)目的状语从句1so that 引导的目的状语从句so that 意为“以便；为了”， so that 引导的从句只能放在主句之后，从句中常用 can, could, may, might 等情态动词。Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it. 请大声说，以便大家都能听见。He got up early so that he could get there in time. 他起得早是为了能及时赶到那里。 注意 so that 引导的目的状语从句可以用 in order to 转换为简单句。I shall write

26、down your phone number so that I may not forget it. I shall write down your phone mumber in order not to forget it. 我将记下你的电话号码，以免忘记它。2in order that 引导的目的状语从句in order that 的意思是“为了；以便”， in order that 引导的从句可放于句首，也可放于句尾，但从句中依然要使用can, could, may, might 等情态动词。He works harder in order that he can go to a g

27、ood college. 为了上一所好的大学，他更加努力地学习。They left early in order that they could catch the early bus. 他们早些离开是为了能赶上早班车。(六)让步状语从句1though/ although 引导的让步状语从句。though/although 意思是“虽然；但是”， though 与 although 一般情况下可以换用，但如果是用在虚拟句或与 even, as 连用时，只能使用 though。注意 though, although 与but 不能出现在同一组主从复合句中，二者只能保留其一，但是可以与still连

28、用。2even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句even if 与 even though 意思相同，都是“即使”， even if/even though 引导的从句可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。Hell go there even though/if the weather is bad. 尽管天气恶劣，他也要去那里。三、定语从句1概念以及相关术语(1)概念：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。如that, which, who, whom,

29、whose等。(1)who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The man who spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。The number of people who lost homes reached 250，000.失去家园的人数多达250，000。注意 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the one of the boys who likes play

30、ing basketball. 他就是那些男孩中喜欢打篮球的那个。(2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。The lady (who/whom) he is talking to is his girlfriend. 和他正在交谈的女士是他的女友。The athlete (who/whom) I liked most was Carl Lewis. 我最喜欢的运动员是卡尔 刘易斯。注意 关系代词 whom 在口语中或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可以省略。(3)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。The building which is being built will be used as a hospital. 正在建设中的这幢建筑将被用作医院。(主语)I dont like the story which he told me a few days ago. 我不喜欢几天前他给我讲的那个故事。(宾语)(4)that可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which；that作宾语时，常省略。The woman athlete that(who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 我在报纸上看到过的那位女运动员刚刚获得