英语语法复习之动词的时态和语态Word文档格式.docx

1、此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。【典例】Next time you _here，lets have lunch togetherAwill be Bare Chave been Dwere【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态的

2、用法。在时间、条件状语从句中，从句应用现在时表将来。next time引导的是一个表示将来的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时的形式；have lunch together是一个表示一般将来的事情。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点六：在the more the more （越越） 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2.

3、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.Marry is leaving on Friday.3.现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状

4、语：for + 时间段；since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,Has it stopped raining yet ?【典例】What is the price of petrol these days

5、Oh, it _ sharply since last month.A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increasedThis is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.4一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yeste

6、rday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a

7、 raise5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作

8、，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 （ before, after, by, up till ）There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since

9、we had parted。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher c

10、omes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am （is, are） going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am （is, are） about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定

11、计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am （is, are） to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.8. 将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.【典例】At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic.A.

12、were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train wi

13、ll have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.【典例】By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stay B. have stayedC. will have stayedD. have been staying在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back fro

14、m school.【注意】1.一般现在时代替一般将来时When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就

15、去看他姨妈。2. 一般现在时代替一般过去时（） 书上说，报纸上说等。The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。（） 叙述往事，使其生动。Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。3.一般现在时代替现在完成时（）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。I h

16、ear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。（）用句型 It is since代替It has been since 。It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。（）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?We are leaving soon.我们马上就走。

17、（）渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。He is dying. 他要死了。6.时态与常用时间状语的搭配:一般现在时： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday等。一般过去时：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等。一般将来时： next, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等。现在完成时： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until

18、, up to now, in the few past years, always, recently lately等。过去完成时：before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等。过去进行时：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while等。将来进行时：soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tom

19、orrow evening。二、被动语态考查要点简述使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。1. 主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me（by my friend）on my birthday.I was given an interesting book （by my friend）on my birthday.2. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him wo

20、rk all day long.He was made to work all day long（by the boss）3. 短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of （by her）.Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.4. 情态动词和be going to，be to，be sure to，used to，have to，had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。5. 当句子的谓语为say，be

21、lieve，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.=It is said that he is a smart boy.=He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.= It is known that paper was made in China first.

22、= Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 不能用被动语态的几种情况。4. 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。6. 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。7. 有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell，write，wash，open，loc

23、k等（此,句中常会有一些表示性质或动作特征的副词.如:well,badly,easily,hard,difficultly等）。主动形式表被动意义。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。2. 当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.3. want, require, need, demand, request后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。4. be wor

24、th doing用主动形式表示被动含义。5. 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame（受谴责），be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。1.be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。2.be hidden躲藏He was hidden

25、behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏在门后。3. be lost迷路4. be drunk喝醉5. be dressed （in sth）穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.考点五：被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.（被动语态）The book is well sold.（系表结构） 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中

26、须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twice. 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didnt know when they would have a rest. 如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little ch

27、ild, my father told me that the earth is round. 如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.（）宾补为-ing,-ed分词，改为被动后不变:Th

28、ey heard them singing at the time.They were heard singing at that time.（3）宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，改为被动后不变:She kept me busy all the morning. I was kept busy all the morning.名校模拟试题汇编训练（10分钟）1.【2012届江西省临川一中高三6月信息卷】25. The new 3D film Titanic will be on at 7：30 pmShall I pick you up at 6：40 pm? OK, I you at t

29、hat time Awas waiting for Bshall be waiting for Chave been waiting for Dshall have waited for此处是将来完成时，表示到那个时候，我会等你。2.【2012届安徽高考最后一卷】21. When the first e-book readers appeared in the late 1990s, technology experts a great future for the digital publishing industry.A. predicted B. established C. arranged D. imagined【答案】 A【解析】本题考查动词。在电子书刚问世时，对于其未来，科技人员应是做出预测，故A合句意，正确。3.【2012届安徽高考最后一卷】26. The government has promise