要想使文章有整体性连贯性就要学会正确使用连接词.docx

1、要想使文章有整体性连贯性就要学会正确使用连接词English Writing Skills英语写作和汉语写作一样，要写出好文章，首先内容要切题，结构要合理。好文章离不开好句子，而句子的好坏与选词、造句等有着密切的关系。现就词汇、句子结构和文章整体与内容统一谈谈写作。 1、措词。在写作时要选明确、准确、生动形象的词，适当地使用成语或习语，可以避免语言的单调贫乏，使之生动而富于内涵。2、句子。可以试用多种方法来表达同一概念，不断变化句子结构，使语言形式丰富多彩，强化表现力。3、切题。文章内容必须与主题保持一致，否则文章语言再好，也只能算是失败之作。 一、措辞 1、选择生动准确的词 词是语言的基本单

2、位，人们要表达思想，就要选择适当的词语，这是写作的基本要求。词可分为一般概念的词（general words）和具体概念的词（specific words）。表示一般概念的词含义模糊；表示具体概念的词含义明确，表达准确，生动形象。写作时合理地使用具体概念的词能够使句子表达的意思准确，内容生动，更富有感染力。试比较下面各组句子： （l） A few houses were destroyed yesterday. （general） Five houses were burnt down yesterday. （specific） （2）His relatives gave him two gi

3、fts.（general） His aunt and uncle gave him a watch and a pen as the birthday gifts.（specific） （3） Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside.（general） Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the room.（specific） 上面各组句中，第一个句子抽象概括，给人以空泛的感觉：第二个句子用词具体，使人感到意思确切，生动逼真。 2、使用英语成语和习语 人们在长期使用语言的过

4、程中，积累了大量的习惯表达法。这些成语、习语内涵丰富，语言生动活泼。文章中适当地使用这类短语，可避免语言的单调贫乏，使句子生动而富于内涵。如： （l）George has lost his social position since his business failed 可改为：George has come down in the world(落魄) since his business failed. （2）Maybe you have time to go to the cinema, but I have more important business to attend to 可改

5、为：Maybe you have time to go to the cinema, but I have other fish to fry(另有所图，还有其他事) 3、用词的宽度 用词的宽度可以反映出写作者所掌握的词汇量。如果一个人掌握的词汇量大，那么当表达同一概念有不同的表达方法时，则可以换一种说法。如： The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake of learning. Students, however, hold that forbidding love among coll

6、ege students is no good 这两句话里，谓语分别用了maintain和hold。如果将它们换为think，所表达的意思相同，但用词宽度则不如原文。这两句话中for the sake of，give up, is no good等都是用词宽度的表现。所以在英语写作中有意识地适当增加用词宽度既能体现学以致用的原则又能使文章取得良好效果。二、句子的多样化 英语中，同一思想用不同句式表达，其效果会大不相同。要想写出好的文章，就要不断地变化句子的结构形式。 l、长短句交替使用 句子的长短是为表达思想服务的。英语短句结构简单，意思明白具有生动活泼而又干脆利索的表达效果，而长句结构复杂，

7、信息丰富，能表达成熟的思想与复杂的概念。一味地使用长句或短句会使文章显得单调乏味，从而影响文章的总体效果。科学地交替使用长短句使句子结构变化多样，不仅给文章带来顿挫起伏的语言美感，而且可以受到理想的修辞效果。请看下面的这段话： She returned to her office. There was a note under the door. It was from Mr. May. He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room. And he had not found her sister. He was sorry to have

8、 missed her. 这段话用了一连串的短句，读起来单调呆板，平淡无味。为使文字更加生动，意思更加明确可改为： When she returned to her office，the found a note from Mr. May under the door. He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room and hadnt found her sister yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed her 修改后三个句子长短不一，读起来就给人以不同的感觉。 又如大学英语第一册第

9、十课 Going Home，当汽车驶至 Brunsnick，车上的年轻人看见黄手帕时，出现了以下这两行文字： Then，suddenly，all of the young people were up out of their seats，screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances of joy. All except Vingo这两句话一长（23个词）一短（3个词），彼此衬托互为凸现。第一句的两个and和四个-ing词，把热闹、喧哗的气氛喧染极至，长句之后，蜂回路转，一个仅三个词的短句扑入读者的双目几乎沸腾的场面顿时凝固但其余音

10、未绝，此时外表虽冷漠，内心却炙热难当。 2、句子开头的多样化 “主-谓-宾”、“主-系-表”是英语的基本句型，主语领先句也是用得最多的句型。写作中为避免形式单一，当句子可以用主语开头，同时又可以其它结构开头时，不妨变换一下。如： （1）Defeated in the fight, he was a little depressed.（分词短语做状语开头） （2）There are two ways in which one can own a book（ there be句型开头） （3）Equally important is a good habit of reading（表语开头） 以上

11、各句都可以用主语开句，但在篇章中通过改变句子开头，文章就会疏落有致，语言形式丰富多采。 3、句子结构的多样化 写作中可以通过句型结构的变化来增添文采，强化表现力。如： （l） The love of the liberty is the love of the others; the love of power is the love of ourselves （平行结构：这类结构整齐、紧凑；句子生动、鲜明，语义贯通、语势强劲有力。） （2）The days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation are gone.（这样表达文字通顺

12、，但语意不很突出。） 改为：Gone are the days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation.（采用倒装句结构后，充分体现出受剥削受压迫的人民解放后扬眉吐气的心情。） 三、观点切题结构合理 这是写作中最重要的要求之一它要求写作开门见山直入主题。如写一篇谈“健康重要性”的文章，提示是1、健康的重要性；2、保持健康的方法；3、我的看法。按要求文章应按三个自然段来写，而每段开头都必须是提示的内容，因此，三段可以这么开头： lGood health is important to everyone of us 2There are

13、many ways which can help build up our health 3As for me，I like running as well as playing basketball and football 除了开门见山以外，论述的内容必须与提示保持一致，否则文章的语言再好，也只能算是失败之作。一般来说，这类文章的每个自然段都由三部分组成，即主题句，论述句和结论句。主题句由提示给出，论述句提供观点来论证主题句，结论句则是总结、归纳、概括主提句的观点。 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词 表示罗列增加 First, second, third, First,

14、then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing for another, On (the) one handon the other hand, Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, especially / In particular 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few day

15、s, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment，form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, notuntil, before, after, when, while, as during, 表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example

16、, for instance, in this case, moreover，furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, 表示并列关系 or, and, also, too, not only but also, as w

17、ell as, both and, either or, neithernor 表示因果关系 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, sothat, suchthat 表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 表示让步关系 though, although, as, even if, even though, whether or, however, whoever,

18、whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom) 表示举例 for example, for instance, such as, take for example 表示比较 be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as, 表示目的 for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in or

19、der to, so as to, 表示强调 in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, 表示概括归纳 in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in sum

20、mary, in conclusion常用句型： 1. in order to 2. in order that 她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。 3. sothat 他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。 4. suchthat 天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。 5. would rather dothan do 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。 6. prefer doing to doing 他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。 7. prefer to dorather than do 比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。 8. not onlybut also 在

21、短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。 9. eitheror 如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。 10. Neithernor 他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。 11. as well as 他善良又乐于助人。 12. as well 这个小孩活泼又可爱。 13. Onethe other 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。 14. Someothers 每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。 15. make+adj /n 我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。 16. notuntil 直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。 17. as if 他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。 18. It is no use (good) doing 假装不懂规则是行不通的。 19. find it + adj to do 我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。 20. It is + time since 我已经有两年没见他了。 21. It is + time when 我到电影院时已经八点钟了。 22. It is + time before 不久我们就会再见面的。 23. It isthat 我最珍视的是友谊。 24. It is + n / adj + that / to do 每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机