高三英语二轮复习专题能力提升练 一 单项填空1名词和冠词 Word版含答案.docx

1、高三英语二轮复习专题能力提升练 一 单项填空1名词和冠词 Word版含答案专题能力提升练 一限时15分钟名词1. Chinas new “Belt and Road” strategy has considerable potential to create positive _ for Chinas neighbors. A. efforts B. impressionsC. benefits D. reputations【解析】选C。句意: 中国的新“一带一路”战略拥有巨大的潜力来为中国的邻国创造效益。effort努力; impression印象; benefit利益, 好处; reput

2、ation声誉, 声望。2. Police are trying to discover the _ of a baby found by the side of the road. A. bond B. identityC. potential D. characteristic【解析】选B。句意: 警方正在努力寻找一个在路边发现的婴儿的身份。bond纽带, 联系; identity身份; potential潜力; characteristic特征, 特性, 特点。3. (宁波模拟)The rising house price and the high income taxation rat

3、e have become the biggest _ of people in China today. A. concern B. influenceC. involvement D. occupation【解析】选A。句意: 如今在中国持续上涨的房价和很高的所得税税率是人们最关心的问题。concern关心, 关心的事; influence影响; involvement牵连; occupation职业。4. What did he do in return for free _ and food offered by the kind couple? He helped their son

4、 with his lessons. A. conservation B. admissionC. accommodation D. immigration【解析】选C。句意: 那对善良的夫妇免费为他提供了住宿和食物, 他是怎么来报答他们的? 他帮他们的儿子学功课。conservation保存, 保护; admission承认, 录用, 准入; accommodation住宿; immigration外来移民, 移居。5. As is often the case, teachers _with parents involve complaints about childrens misbeh

5、aviors and laziness in school. A. acquaintances B. negotiationsC. conferences D. consultations【解析】选C。句意: 情况经常是这样, 家长会上老师们抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰。acquaintance知道, 熟悉; negotiation协商; conference会议; consultation请教, 咨询, 磋商。6. Some tourists visiting Tian anmen Square during the holiday left a_of litter everywhere th

6、ey went. A. trail B. dot C. chain D. track【解析】选A。句意: 有些在假期期间参观天安门广场的游客每到一个地方就留下垃圾。trail痕迹, 足迹; dot点, 点状物; chain链条, 连锁店; track轨道, 踪迹。7. (杭州模拟)If you live in the country or have ever visited there, _are that you have heard birds singing to welcome the new day. A. situations B. factsC. possibilities D.

7、 chances【解析】选D。句意: 如果你住在那个国家或曾经参观过那儿, 你可能听见鸟儿唱歌迎接新的一天的到来。chances are that. . . 为固定句型, 意为“很可能”。8. A teachers _to education is worth great respect of the whole society because it brings benefits to the development of society. A. guidance B. principleC. identity D. devotion【解析】选D。考查名词固定搭配。句意: 教师对于教育的奉献

8、值得整个社会的尊敬, 因为这给我们社会的发展带来了很多的好处。guidance指导; principle原则; identity身份, 辨别; devotion奉献, 忠诚。本题四个选项中只有D项可以和介词to连用, 故选D项。9. Contrary to our expectations, Google has determined that grades are worthless as a _ for hiring and test scores dont predict anything. A. qualification B. challengeC. criterion D. ing

9、redient【解析】选C。句意: 完全出乎我们意料的是, 谷歌断定分数作为雇用人的一个标准一文不值, 考试分数不能预测任何东西。qualification资格, 条件; challenge挑战; criterion标准, 准则; ingredient成分, 组成。10. At that time, all of us were trying to maintain a tight_, and spending had to be kept to minimum for economic survival. A. burden B. identity C. budget D. schedule

10、【解析】选C。句意: 在当时, 我们所有的人都在努力压缩开支, 为了在经济危机中生存下来, 花销必须做到最小。burden负担; identity身份; budget开支, 预算; schedule日程安排。根据spending一词可知, 前面提到的应是开支预算, 故要用budget。11. Mr Brown thought it would be a good idea to have _ from his workers to improve his plan. A. summaries B. admissionsC. comments D. connections【解析】选C。句意: 布

11、朗先生认为听取工人们的意见以改进他的计划是个好主意。have comments from sb. 听取某人的意见, 为固定短语。12. The university is saving $300, 000 per year by its energy_efforts. A. consumption B. conservationC. suspension D. prohibition【解析】选B。句意: 通过其节约能源的努力, 这所大学每年节约300 000美元开支。consumption消费; conservation节约, 保护; suspension延缓, 暂停; prohibition

12、禁止。13. (杭州三模)What does PM 2. 5 mean? Its a professional _ indicating the condition of air pollution. A. number B. mark C. term D. item【解析】选C。句意: PM 2. 5是什么意思? 它是一个表明空气污染状况的专业术语。term术语; number数字; mark标志; item条款, 项目。冠词14. (温州模拟)For_cancer patients there may not be_bright future; today has to count. A.

13、 /; / B. /; a C. the; / D. /; the【解析】选B。句意: 对于癌症患者来说, 可能没有一个光明的未来; 今天很重要。第一空后是复数形式, 且不特指, 故不用冠词; 第二空的中心词是future, 一个光明的未来, 应用不定冠词a。【知识拓展】不定冠词的特殊用法(1)用于序数词之前, 表示数量或序数的增加: 例如: Soon I saw a second plane. 不久我看到了另一架飞机。(2)用于表示“非常”“很”等意义的most前: 例如: This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。(3)用于物质名词前, 使

14、之转化为具体名词, 表示“一种”“一杯之量”等: 例如: A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。A heavy rain fell on the farm. 农场上下了一场大雨。(4)用于抽象名词前, 使之具体化, 表示与该抽象名词相关的具体的人或事: 例如: He was a success in business. 他事业成功。Its a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。(5)用于指人的专有名词前, 指某人、某人的作品或艺术品、似(式)的人等: 例如: A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位名叫史密斯先生

15、的人想见你。He bought a complete Lu Xun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。He thought he was a Zhuge Liang. 他自以为是个诸葛亮。(6)用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前, 表示一次、一番等义(通常与have, take, make, give等动词连用): 例如: Lets go out for a walk. 我们出去走走吧。Do you care for a smoke? 抽烟吗? Would you like a drink? 要喝一杯吗? (7)有的不可数名词或本来带有定冠词the的名词, 由于受定语的修饰, 其前可用不定冠词,

16、表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似a kind of的意思: 例如: have breakfast吃早餐have a quick breakfast吃快餐the world世界a world like ours像我们这样的世界15. In recent years_air pollution is becoming_concern for many cities in China. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填C. 不填; 不填 D. 不填; a【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 近些年来, 空气污染对中国很多城市来说正变成一件令人担心的事情。pollution不可数名词不用冠词, c

17、oncern作名词意为“担心, 担忧, 关心”, 在这里是抽象名词具体化, 表示“一件令人关心或担忧的事情”。16. (杭州二模)I thought I was_failure after being fired, but now Im trying to get my life back on_track. A. a; / B. a; the C. /; / D. the; the【解析】选A。句意: 在遭到解雇后我认为我是一个失败者, 但现在我尽力使我的生活重回正轨。failure作可数名词时, 意为“失败的人或事”; back on track重新步入正确轨道。17. As_enviro

18、nmental situation in China is becoming more and more serious, Premier Li Keqiang called on the whole nation to struggle for_clearer world. A. the; a B. the; theC. /; a D. an; the【解析】选A。句意: 由于中国的环境状况正在越来越严峻, 李克强总理号召全国上下为创造一个更干净的世界而奋斗。在第一个空中用the表示特指; 在第二个空中用a表示一个更加干净的世界。【误区警示】由于受习惯的影响, 很多学生认为world之前一般

19、只加定冠词the, 实际上world之前也可加不定冠词, 表示“一个的世界”。例如: (1)Many new jobs are created in the world every day. 在世界上每天都有许多新的工作被创造出来。(2)We are now living in a world full of challenges and a world where anything can happen. 现在我们生活在一个充满挑战的世界中, 一个任何事情都可能发生的世界中。18. My grandparents like to live in the countryside where t

20、hey can enjoy_ leisure walk on the country road and feel_ warmth of the sun on their faces. A. the; / B. a; the C. the; a D. a; /【解析】选B。考查冠词用法。句意: 我的祖父母喜欢住在乡下, 在那里他们可以享受在乡间路上悠闲地散步, 感受阳光照在脸上的温暖。walk作名词表示散步, 是可数名词。第二空特指阳光照在脸上的温暖, 所以用定冠词the。19. She came in for_ coffee and told me_ firecrackers kept her

21、 awake last night. A. a; the B. a; 不填C. the; the D. the; 不填【解析】选A。句意: 她进来要了一杯咖啡, 告诉我鞭炮声让她昨晚一夜没睡。coffee为不可数名词, 但在其前加a, 表示“一份, 一杯”之意; firecrackers在本句中为特指, 故要用定冠词the。20. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in_ international trade today. A. a; 不填 B. the; anC. the; the D. 不填; the【解析】选

22、A。句意: 许多人都认同这一点, 如今在国际贸易中通晓英语是必需的。knowledge在表示“知道、通晓”之意时, 要用a knowledge of, 故第一个空用a; 第二个空中international trade为泛指, 其前不用冠词。【知识拓展】在下列短语中, 常用不定冠词a, an而不能用定冠词the, 也不能将其省略。它们是: (have)a knowledge of, a collection of, (have)a deep/better understanding of, have a bad cold, have a good/hard/pleasant time, have a gift for, in a hurry, once in a while, all of a sudden, at a loss, go on a diet, offer/give sb. a lift, make a choice, a matter of, a waste of time/money, come to an end, have a good view of等。