形容词初中.docx

1、形容词初中一 形容词概述形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类：性质形容词：直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。叙述形容词： 只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。如：ill， alive， asleep，afraid，ashamed，awake二 形容词的用法1. 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The

2、 fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）中考专题训练：1）.（2009 广东）- The cake looks _. - Yes, and it tastes even _. A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best2）. (2009 山东) - I cant see anything in the box because it is _. A. heavy B. thin C. full D. empty2. 形容词修饰

3、something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3. 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or sm

4、all. 中考专题训练：1）.（2009山东）- Is there _ in todays menu? - Yes. We have Beijing Roast Duck. A. anything special B. special anything C. nothing special D. special nothing2). (2008 北京) I have _ to do. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something4. 用形容词表示类别和整体 (1)

5、 the形容词表示一类人或物 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：The rich should help the poor. The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。(2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如：The English have wonderful sense of

6、humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。三 多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）-出处-材料性质-类别-名词。例如：a small round table/a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/a famous German medical school/an expensive Japanese sports car小技巧:如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。Opshacom中p代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，

7、如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等； (1) sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等； (2) a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new， young等； (3) c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red, black, orange等； (4) o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等； (5) m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，wooden 等。英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列

8、，如a nice long new black British plastic pen当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。典型例题解析：1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two答案：C。由限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） -性质-名词的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2） One day they crossed the _bridge beh

9、ind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 3） How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the_ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查

10、多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词的顺序。如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。四 形容词的比较等级的构成1. 词形变化原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2. 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。形容词

11、的比较级和最高级的构成一般有两种情况：（1）一般在单音节和部分双音节的形容词尾加-er或-est。A.规则变化：a.一般在词尾加-er或-est。cheap-cheaper-cheapest ;fast-faster-fastestb.以字母e结尾的形容词加-r或-st。large-larger-largest;c.以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest; thin-thinner-thinnestd.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，先变y为i，再加-er或-est。early-earlier-earliest

12、 ; hungry -hungrier hungriest pretty-prettier-prettiest注意：有些双音节词既可以在原级后面加er,也可以在原级前面加more.如：quite ,clever, narrow, simple,B.不规则变化： 英语中有少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式变化是不规则的，对这几个少数形容词，需要逐个记忆，它们是：good(well) -better-best; bad(badly)-worse-worst; many(much)-more-most; little-less-least;old-older(elder)-oldest(eldes

13、t),far-farther(further)-farther(furthest)规则副词比较等级的构成和形容词相同，单音节的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er/-est；以-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面须加more/most。hard -harder-hardest; late-later-latest; early -earlier-earliestquickly-more quickly-most quickly（2）多音节形容词的比较级在原级前加more，最高级前加 the most。多音节副词的比较级在原级前加more，最高级前加most。如:important- -more i

14、mportant-the most importantbeautiful-more beautiful -the most beautiful中考真题解析：1）Now Helen works than before.(河北)A. more carefully B. more carefulC. much careful D. much carefully修饰动词用副词。多音节形容词或副词的比较级的构成为在形容词和副词前加more。故选A。五 形容词原级的用法1. 说明人或事物自身的特征，性质或状态时用形容词原级 ，如 Hangzhou is a beautiful city .2. 有副词 v

15、ery, so ,too , enough ,quite 等修饰词时用形容词原级 This room is big enough to hold so many people .3 . as + 形容词或副词原级 + as （1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。中考真题解析：1）. （2008 浙江）- The dish is delicious! - Well, at least its _ the one I cooked yesterday. A. as good as B. worse than C

16、. as well as D. as bad as2）. ( 2007 四川) Dont just believe the advertisement. This kind of camera is _ it says. A. as good as B. not as good asC. as well as D. not as well as（2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can c

17、arry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。（3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。（4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times

18、 the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.典型例题解析：1）.After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1998 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D . twice many as 答案C. 此句意为这个厂19

19、98能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍。表示倍数用倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象的句型。所以此句答案为C。2）.I think Chinese is as as maths.(北京海淀)A .useful B. more useful C. most useful D. the most useful答案A。asas意为“和一样”，中间接形容词或副词的原级。六 形容词比较级和最高级的用法 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are tal

20、ler than the boys in your class. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. 你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。注意：1. 在运用比较级时，以下四点需要注意：a：不要双重比较。（误）：He is more stronger than his brother.（正）：he was (much) stronger than his brother.b：双方有可比性。（误）：It is as good as in Jiangsu .（正）：It is as good as that in Jiangsu

21、.c：避免自我比较。（误）：Shanghai is larger than all cities in China.（正）：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.d：不可孤立比较。（误）：This classroom is cleaner.（正）：This classroom is clean. This classroom is cleaner that that one.2. 一般说来，形容词比较级前不加冠词the。但在下列情况下却要加定冠词the：（1） 表示两者中“比较的一个”时，形容词比较级前要加定冠词the。例如：The o

22、lder of the two noblemen led me into a backroom那两个贵族中年龄较大的那一个把我领到后面的房间里。Which is the larger country， Canada or Spain?加拿大和西班牙这两个国家哪一个大些? He is the taller of the two.他是两人中个子较高的一个。 （2）表示“越，就越”时，两个形容词比较级前都要加定冠词the。例如： The busier he is，the happier he feels他越忙越高兴。 The higher the tree，the stronger the wind

23、树越高，风越大。 The sooner, the better越快越好。中考真题解析：1). （2009四川）The more you read, _ you will get. A. the less B. the most C. the more D. much more2). (2007 河南) - Remember, boys and girls. _ you work, _ result you will get. A. The better; the harder B. The harder; the better C. The hard; the better D. The ha

24、rder; the good3. all修饰形容词比较级时，比较级前要加定冠词the。例如：As a result，the rich became all the riche r and the poor became all the poorer结果富人更富。穷人更穷。【典型例题】The weather in China is different from_. A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的

25、one常用来代替可数名词，而that可以以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。七 修饰比较级的词1a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。2还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题：1） Are you feeling _? Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B.

26、any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 八 形容词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 注意: most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。

27、 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 典型例题解析： 1）.-Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。 2）.He has made _ progress this term than before. A. little

28、B. less C. fewer D. much 答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。 3）.-What delicious cakes! -They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选bet

29、ter。 4）.Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。在使用中要注意以下问题：（1）形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，但在下列情况下却不加定冠词the：（2）形容词最高级用作表语，如果不是和别人相

30、比，其前常常不加定冠词the。（3）形容词最高级不表示比较，只是用来加强语气，表示“非常”、“极”的意思时，其前不加定冠词the，但可在修饰单数可数名词的“most十形容词”前加不定冠词a。例如： It was most stupid to act like that.那样做是非常愚蠢的。 The book you lent me is most interesting你借给我的那本书非常有趣。 It is a most touching story，这是一个极为动人的故事。 “Lets ask GorkyHe is a most educated man，”said the old worker那位老工人说：“让我们问问高尔基吧。他是一个非常有学问的人。”（4） 形容词最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，其前面不再用定冠词the。例如： Tuesday is our busiest day星期二是我们最忙的一天。 Toms greatest wish is to be a writer汤姆最大的愿望就是当一名作家。（5） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is ne