英语英语名词用法总结完整.docx

1、英语英语名词用法总结完整【英语】英语名词用法总结(完整)一、单项选择名词1Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) _ it will make to your future life.Ainfluence Bcontribution Cdifference Dvariety【答案】C【解析】【详解】本题考查固定短语。解题步骤：1.确定各项意思：A. influence影响；B. contribution贡献；C. difference不同；D. variety多样化；2.确定答案：固定短语m

2、ake a difference有影响。句意：积极地参与志愿者的工作，你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。2An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good _.Ascene BsceneryCsight Dview【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景 B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。

3、根据句意，故D选项正确。【点睛】Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景，指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分3Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .Adistinction BinnovationCpotential Dappreciation【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. distinction区别； B. innovation创新； C. potential潜能； D. ap

4、preciation欣赏。句意：只有当妇女能够变得强大时，我们的家庭、经济和社会才能充分发挥其潜力。结合句意可知答案为C。4With the help of the English teacher, he has made in his English writing.Aa great progress Bmuch progressClittle progress Dmany progresses【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查不可数名词。句意：在英语老师的帮助下，他的英语写作取得了很大的进步。此处progress“进步”，是不可数名词，所以A/D不正确，再结合句意可知B项符合题意。5Donal

5、d Trump made a _ to the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.Acontribution BcommitmentCdevotion Ddonation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。A. contribution贡献；B. commitment承诺；C. devotion奉献；D. donation捐赠。句意：唐纳德特朗普向全国承诺，他上任后将为降低税收和改善医疗服务而奋斗。故B选项正确。6Please read the

6、_ on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.Aexplanations Binstructions Cdescriptions Dintroductions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：请阅读瓶子上的说明，并服用适量的药物。A. explanations解释；B. instructions说明；C. descriptions描述；D. introductions介绍。由“take the right amount of medicine.”可知，应该按照瓶子上的说明服用适量的药物。所以 instructions“说

7、明”符合句意。故B选项正确。7-Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? Its said to be _great success.-No, I have been busy preparing all the office_ these days.A/; equipments Bthe; equipment C/; equipment Da; equipment【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词和名词复数。句意：-你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。-没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。s

8、uccess为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。【点睛】抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如success，progress，pity，surprise等。但是，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下：一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有时可具体化为可数

9、名词。这时常组成“aan形容词抽象名词”结构。如：He has a great interest in English他对英语显得很感兴趣。二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物，这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词，词义也有所变化。如：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)分析句子可知，success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用

10、法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。8- Do you agree friends you spend time with will change your life in one way or another?- Couldnt agree more. Hopefully our students can show great _ in their choices of friends.Aaccommodation BdiscriminationCreputation Ddistinction【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：

11、你同意和你在一起的朋友会以这样或那样的方式改变你的生活吗？完全同意，希望我们的学生在选择朋友方面表现出很强的鉴别能力。A. accommodation住处；B. discrimination鉴别力；C. reputation名誉；D. distinction区别。根据“their choices of friends”可知此处表示“鉴别力”，故B项正确。9That party has been in _ for many years and it has showed its _ in dealing with many important problems.Apower；energy Bpo

12、wer；strengthsCforce；energy Dforce；strengths【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：那个政党已经执政很多年了，并且在处理许多重要问题上显现出了它的优势。in power意为“执政、当权”，故排除C.D。energy意为“能量”， strengths意为“优势”。根据翻译可知B项正确。10I cant say which one is best its_personal taste.Aa lack of Ba means of Ca manner of Da matter of【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：我无法说哪一个最好-这

13、是个人品味问题。A. a lack of 缺乏；B. a means of方式，方法；C. a manner of方式；D. a matter of的问题。根据句意可得知D选项符合题意。故选D。11The two sides have finally reached a(n) _ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).Aannouncement Bagreement Camazement Dachievement【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管仍存在一些小分歧，但双方最终达成了一致。A. announcem

14、ent宣告；B. agreement一致；C. amazement惊愕；D. achievement成就。根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知，此处表示“达成一致”，故B项正确。12Deliberately push yourself out of your _. Try things that you do not normally try.Aorigin Bbudget Croutine Didentity【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. origin起源；B. budget预算；C. routine常规，

15、惯例；D. identity身份。句意：故意让自己脱离常规。尝试一些你通常不会尝试的事情。结合句意可知答案为C。13A sense of _ is the basic requirement for people working in the fields of education and health careAagreement Battention Ccarefulness Ddevotion【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：奉献意识感是对于工作在服务业例如教育和医疗保健的最基本的要求。 A.agreement 协议；B. attention注意；C. invitation邀请；

16、 D.devotion奉献，贡献。故选D项。14Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and _ .Aburden BdepressionCbenefit Dsacrifice【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：拯救大兵瑞恩是一部令人难忘的反战电影，也是一个关于勇气和牺牲的故事。A. burden负担；B. depression压抑；C. benefit好处，益处；D. sacrifice牺牲；空格处与courage并列，都应该是褒义词，再结合电影情节，故选D

17、项。15Determination is a good _ and that is what it takes to do anything well.Aquality Bstandard Cprinciple Dmotto【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心是一种好品质，它是做好任何事情所需要的。A. quality 品质；B. standard标准； C. principle原理；D. motto座右铭。决心是一种品质，故A项正确。16Students and teachers gather together for a morning _ each Monday to

18、attend the ceremony of raising the national flag.Ainspection BinscriptionCassembly Dcommitment【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：每周一，学生和老师们齐聚一堂，参加升旗仪式。A. inspection检查；B. inscription题词；C. assembly集合；D. commitment承诺，根据题意，故选C。17New _ continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.Acharacte

19、rsBgenerationsCinsectsDtourists【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。A. characters 特点；B. generations 一代人；C.insects 昆虫；D. tourists游客。分析句子可知，新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。故选B。18It makes no _ to me whether he will go to the city or not. Anyhow, I will go.Athing Bdifference Cmatter Daffair【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义

20、辨析。句意：他去不去城里对我来说没什么影响。不管怎样，我都会去。A. thing事物； B. difference不同； C. matter事情，问题； D. affair事件，事务。make no difference to对无影响，符合句意，故选B。19He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.Aaspect Bappearance Ctalent Dcharacter【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他证明

21、了自己是一个真正的绅士，当他和别人一起工作时，他的性格之美达到了极致。A. aspect方面；B. appearance外貌；C. talent才华，天才；D. character性格，品质。根据句中a true gentleman 和when he worked with others.可判断绅士在工作时表现出的是性格品质，而不是外表或才华，故选D。20I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their _ to their job.

22、 Thank you.Adevotion Bapplication Cconnection Dinvitation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要感谢所有付出努力的人。员工们如此热爱自己的工作让人感到欣慰。谢谢。A. devotion奉献，专心；B. application申请；C. connection联系；D. invitation邀请。devotion to 意为“献身于，热爱”，因此使用devotion符合句意，故选A。21Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its_

23、by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.Areputation Bcampaign Cappetite Doccupation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a

24、relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。22Children should not see the films full of violent (暴力的) .Asights Bviews Csigns Dscenes【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：孩子们不应该看充满暴力的电影场景。A. sights景象；B. views风景；看法；C. signs迹象；D. scenes场面；（戏剧的）一场。根据上文“the films full of violent ”可推断，此处指“电影中的场景”。故选D。【点睛】scene，view，s

25、ight，sign的区别。1. sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数。如：The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转，逛各处景点。2. view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，有时也指“风景”，尤指自然美景（fine natural scenery）。如：From the win

26、dow there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看是一览无余的群山。The view makes this a good location for a house. 景观使得此处成为建房的好地点。The view was wonderful. If Id had a camera, I would have taken some photographs. 风景好极了，要是我带有照相机，我就照几张像了。3. scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等，可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以

27、是静态的等。如：There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。As he entered the room, he was confronted by a scene of disorder. 他进入房间，面对的是一幅乱糟糟的场面。4. sign 是符号，手势，迹象，指示牌的意思。Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。The sign on the wall said Now wash your hands .墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。23Youll find this map

28、of great _ in helping you to get around in London.Avalue Beffect Cconcern Dvision【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：你将会发现这份地图在助你环游伦敦上的巨大价值。A. value价值，重要性；B. effect影响，效果，作用；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. vision视力，美景，想象力。综合句意，这份地图对于指明旅行方向是有帮助的，对游客而言有“价值”/是很重要的，故选A。【点睛】词义辨析的考查，可以很深入，因此单词学习不应浮于表面。本题容易误选B，因为仅凭中文释义，而认为地图在帮助环游伦

29、敦上有“作用”/有“效果”，似乎也说得通。但假如我们查询effect对应的英文释义：1）The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing. 2）The effects in a film are the specially created sounds and scenery. 我们就能发现词义辨析的重要性。实际上，effect在表示“作用，影响”方面，主要用于表达因果关系（cause and consequence），强调一个事物对另一个的影响，且贬

30、义为多；而在effect表示“效果”方面，则以音响、舞台灯光、荧屏效果为主，在本题中显然均不适用。因此，吃透词义十分关键。24Winning _ in the international market, Chinas high-quality products have brought us a good profit.Aregulation Bdevotion Crecognition Dinsurance【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。A. regulation规章制度；B. devotion奉献；C. recognition认可；D. insurance保险。分析句意可知，此处应表示在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。结合选项，故选C。25The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.Acurrency Bframework Callowance Doccupation【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好