1、常用英语标点符号及其用法常用英语标点符号及其用法在书面语,标点符号起着分隔作用,并有指明语法关系和语义的功能。现将常用标点符号的主要用法分述如下:一逗号(,)1.分隔并列成分。例:At the bookstore I bought a dictionary, a grammar book and a textbook.我在书店里买了一本词典,一本语法书和一本课本。He stood up from his seat, opened the door, and went out.他从座位上站了起来,推开门出去了。2. 分隔并列分句。例:He lives his students, and his
2、students love him. 他爱他的学生,他的学生也爱他。We must leave now, or we will miss the train.我们必须立刻出发,不然就误了火车了。3. 分隔同位语、呼语。例:Mr. Zhang, our English teacher, will be leaving for Shanghai on Friday. 老师,我们的英语老师,将在星期五动身去。I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion.琼斯先生,我想听听你的意见。Take a seat, Mr. Smith.史密斯先生,请
3、坐。4. 分隔句首状语。例:Honestly, I dont know. 真的,我不知道。When it rains, I go to school by bus.下雨的时候,我坐公共汽车上学。Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。5. 分隔非限制性定语从句。例:She gave him a story book, when he started to read at once. 她给了他一本故事书,他马上就读了起来。The thief, who had entered through the window, store a lot of
4、 money.小偷是从窗户进去的,偷走了许多钱。6. 分隔直接引语和导语。例:George said, I dont know her telephone number. 乔治说:“我不知道她的。”Only a fool, Jim said, would believe his words.吉姆说:“只有傻子才会相信他的话。”二句号(.)1. 用于述句和语气温和的祈使句后。例:Somebody is asking to see you.有人要见你。She asked if he had done his best.她问他是否已尽了最大努力。Lets go to the movies.我们去看电
5、影吧。2. 用于某些缩略词等后。例:Oct. 十月(October)Prof. Li 教授(Professor Li)98.6% 三问号(?)1. 用于疑问句后。例:Is there a pos office near here? 这儿附近有邮局吗?Its cold outside, isnt it? 外面很冷是吗?2用于委婉的祈使句后。例:Open the door, would you? 请把门打开。Have some coffee, will you? 喝点咖啡,好吗?四 冒号(:)1用于引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语。例:Her grades are as follows: Chin
6、ese, an A; English, a B; Math, a C; an History, a B. 她的成绩如下:汉语为A,英语为B,数学为C,历史为B。The weather will be like this tomorrow: cloudy with scattered showers at night. 明天的天气是:阴天,晚间有零星阵雨。2. 用于引出对前文进行总结、补充的词语。例:Ive just had some good news: Ive been offered a job in the firm. 我刚得到一个好消息,我在那家公司谋到一个职位。He has only
7、 one pleasure: playing cards. 他只有一个乐趣:玩牌。五 感叹号(!)1有于感叹句,表示感叹、赞美、嘲讽等。例:Happy New Year! 新年好!What lovely flowers! 多美的花呀!How I wish to go! 我多么希望能去呀!2用于祈使句,表示命令或强烈感情。例:Be quiet! 安静一下!Come in, everybody! 大家都进来!六 引号( )1用于直接引语,有三种情况。a. 句首为He said, She asked等时,后用逗号,引号的引语可根据具体情况用不同的标点。例:Mike said, Lets meet a
8、t my house next time. 迈克说:“让我们下一次在我家见面。”Father asked, Are you feeling better today? 父亲问:“你今天感觉好些吗?”b. 如果he said, she asked等位于句尾,句尾用句号,其前面的直接引语末尾则用逗号,或根据需要用问号、感叹号。例: I was watching a TV play then Tom said. 汤姆说:“我当时在看一部电视剧。”Dont be late again! Father said. 父亲说:“不要再迟到!”Why didnt you hand in your exerci
9、ses? asked the teacher. 老师问:“你们为什么没有把练习交上来?”c. 直接引语被he said, she asked等导语切断,如果切断处句子未完,则切断处用逗号,导语后也用逗号。如果切断处是一个独立的句子结束,则切断处仍用逗号,但导语后用句号。例: I bought Granny a present, said my brother, and she liked it very much. “我给奶奶买了一件礼物,”我弟弟说,“奶奶非常喜欢这件礼物。”It is getting dark, Tom said. Can I go home now? “天晚了,”汤姆说。
10、“我现在能回家吗?”2用于引述书名、文章名称、歌曲名称、电影名称等。例:Have you read the book the Song of Youth ? 你读过青春之歌这本书吗?Titanic won the Oscar of Best Film. 泰坦尼克号赢得奥斯卡金像奖的最佳影片奖。七 连字符(-)1用于连接复合词。例:self-confidence 自信a three-mile walk 三英里的散步a world-famous scientist 一个世界闻名的科学家2用于连接数字中的十位数和个位数例:twenty-two 22 one hundred and fifty-sev
11、en 157 3用于连接用作定语的词,或作定语的序数词的分子和分母。例:a two-month-old baby 一个两个月大的婴儿a four-thousand-word article 一篇4000字的文章a two-thirds majority of the vote 选票的三分之二多数4用于连接词缀与词。例:re-create再创造 pre-war 战前 co-worker 合作者八 省字号( )表示简略式或名词所有格例:Ill go to the barbers. 我要去理发店。Dont you know the rule? 你难道不知道这条规则吗?They arent busy
12、today. 他们今天不忙。九 破折号(-)用于补充说明或评语。 例:They are giving away flowers-free, of course. 他们在分送花朵,当然是免费的。It was a decisive battle-we won the war because of it. 那是一场决定性的战役-我们正是由于那场战役才打赢了这场战争。几个容易用错的英语标点符号用法整理了一些标点符号的用法,希望能与英语爱好者一同学习、进步,同时,也欢迎大家来补充一些有关于标点符号的用法。I逗号(,)1在并列句中,连词(and,but,or,for,so,nor,yet)的前面用逗号。应
13、当指出,如果两个或三个并列从句都很简短,意思又紧密相连,它们之间可以不用连词而只用逗号:Amemoirishistory,itisbasedonevidence.2.写日期时,如次序是月日年,在日和年之间加逗号。如次序是日月年,则不加逗号:HewasbornonOctober15,1983.Hewasbornon15October1983.注意:英文中是没有顿号的,基本上可以说在中文中用顿号的地方可以用逗号取代。II句号(.)1.省略词一般加句号,如:Mr.Mrs.Ms.B.A.p.m.2.注意在B.A.等词后面那个句号不要丢掉,现在有趋势在省略词后面不加句号,尤其是在团体、通讯社和广播电台名
14、称后面:UNNATOBBCNBCUNESCO3.2.如果在一个句子后面使用省略号,后面还得加句号,即变成四个句号。III分号(;)1有些起连系作用的副词,如however,therefore,hence,nevertheless,moreover,thus,otherwise,besides等等,不应该用作连词来联系并列从句,在它们之间应该用分号而不是逗号。2如从句已经已有标点,即使从句中有连词仍应用分号:Unfortunately,Tomcouldntcome;andhisabsencemadethingsdifficultforus.3.如若干项已有逗号,可用分号将各项分开:Ontheco
15、mmitteearequiteafewwell-knownpeople;forexample,ProfessorZhao,DeanoftheNormalCollege;Mr.Han,editor-in-chiefofthelocaleveningpaper;MissXu,apopularactress;andMr.Hu,DirectoroftheBureauofCulture.VI.问号(?)1.一个文句涉及多项时,各项之后皆可打问号:Didshebuybutter?milk?eggs?apples?books?2.放在括号中的问号表示不能肯定它前面的那个词、数字或日期的准确性:Theauth
16、orofthisstrangebookwasbornin1078(?)anddiedin1135.V.引号(“”或)1文章、短篇故事、短诗及歌曲和书中各章节的题目,应用引号标出,应当指出,书刊名称应该用斜体字或字下线标明。2引号和其它符号配合使用时,美国的通用方法是:a.句号和逗号放在引号之;b.冒号和分号放在引号之外;c.破折号、问号和感叹号,如只是与引语有关,放在引号之;如与整个句子有关,则放在引语之外。VI.圆括号()1圆括号用来标明插入性的、补充性的或注释性的词语。2表示细目的数字或字母一般放在圆括号中。VII.方括号()1标明引语中引用者加的或说明部分。2如圆括号中还需用括号,则用方
17、括号代替圆括号。VIII.斜体字和字下线在手写稿和打印稿中,字下线和印刷品中的斜体字功用相同。1书籍、杂志、报纸、剧本、长诗及歌剧的名称要用字下线或斜体字标明。2英语中外来词应用字下线或斜体字标明。3船只、飞机和艺术作品的民称应用字下线或斜体字标明。4提及某一词或字母时,应用字下线或斜体字标明。5.字下线或斜体字有时可以表示强调:Whatamandoesismoreimportantthanwhathesays.常见英语标点符号的用法(转)句号 Period .用以表示一个句子的结束Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.The federal governme
18、nt is based in Ottawa.用在缩写中B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.问号 Question Mark ?在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句:How many provinces are there in Canada?注意:在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号:
19、The teacher asked the class a question.Do not ask me why.叹号 Exclamation Mark !在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪:We won the Stanley Cup!The forest is on fire!逗号 Comma ,句子中的停顿Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.在疑问句中引出说话人:I can come today, she said, but not tomorrow.排列三个或以上的名词:Ontario, Quebec
20、, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.引出定语从句Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.单引号 Apostrophe 表示所有This is Davids computer.These are the players things. (things that belong to the player)Note: 对于复数形式的名词,只加These are the players things. (things that belong to the players)缩写I don
21、t know how to fix it.引号Quotation Marks 直接引出某人说的话:The prime minister said, We will win the election.I can come today, she said, but not tomorrow.冒号Colon :引出一系列名词There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.引出一个较长的引语The prime minister said: We will fight. We will not give up. We w
22、ill win the next election.分号Semicolon ;将两个相关的句子连接起来The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.破折号Dash -在一个句子前作总结Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characte
23、ristics of weather in Vancouver.在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.表示某人在说话过程中被打断The woman said, I want to ask - when the earthquake began to shake the room.连字符Hyphen -连接两个单词sweet-smellingfire-resistant将前缀anti-Canadiannon-contact在数字中使用one-quartertwenty-three
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